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Science 8 > Unit 1 DNA > Flashcards

Unit 1 DNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gene

A

The basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA.

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2
Q

Allele

A

One or more versions of a gene.

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3
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical expression of a gene.

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4
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup of an organism.

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5
Q

Homozygous Dominant

A

AA

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6
Q

Homozygous Recessive

A

aa

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7
Q

Heterozygous

A

Aa

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8
Q

Substitution (Point Mutations)

A

One base is substituted for another.

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9
Q

Deletion (Point Mutations)

A

One base pair is removed.

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10
Q

Addition (Point Mutations)

A

One base pair is added.

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11
Q

Deletion (Chromosomal Mutations)

A

When a segment of DNA is lost. Result in many genes missing from the chromosome.

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12
Q

Duplication (Chromosomal Mutations)

A

When the DNA bases are repeated resulting in a longer DNA molecule.

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13
Q

Inversion (Chromosomal Mutations)

A

When a segment of DNA is flipped and then reattatched to the same chromosome.

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14
Q

Insertion (Chromosomal Mutations)

A

When a segment of DNA from one chromosome is added to another, unrelated chromosome.

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15
Q

Translocation (Chromosomal Mutations)

A

When a piece of one chromosme breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.

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16
Q

Negative Mutation

A

Changes the trait in a way that is harmful to the organism.

17
Q

Positive Mutation

A

Changes the trait in a way that is beneficial to the organism.

18
Q

Neutral Mutation

A

A mutation that is neither beneficial nor harmful to an organism.

19
Q

Genetic Mutation

A

A permanent change in the sequence of DNA.

20
Q

Mutagen

A

A chemical that when exposed to can cause mutations.

21
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

DNA stores an organism’s gentic information. It controls the production of proteins.

22
Q

Nucleotide

A

A molecule made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate.

23
Q

What are the 3 parts of DNA?

A

Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, T/U), Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar (Deoxyribose).

24
Q

Codon

A

A set of 3 nitrogenous bases.

25
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

26
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

27
Q

What is the function of mRNA?

A

mRNA takes messages from the DNA in the nucleus to organelles in the cytoplasm with instruction to create proteins.

28
Q

What is the function of rRNA?

A

rRNA provides the factory for the production of proteins.

29
Q

What is the function of tRNA?

A

tRNA brings the amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome do they can be added to the growing chain during protein synthesis

Science 8 (6 decks)

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