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BIO112 > Unit 1 Chapter 5: Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Unit 1 Chapter 5: Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What are carbs

A

sugars

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2
Q

What are the three main types

A

mono, di and polysaccharides

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3
Q

What is the general formula for carbs

A

multiples of CH2O

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4
Q

What functional groups are present in carbs

A

carbonyl, several hydroxyls

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5
Q

What is the most common structure of a sugar

A

ring structure

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6
Q

What is the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose

A

alpha has right hydroxyl below the horizontal axis and is easy for enzymes to break and beta has right hydroxyl above the axis and is difficult for enzymes to break

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7
Q

What are the 3 ways simple sugars differ

A
  1. location of carbonyl (aldose vs. ketose)
  2. number of carbons present
  3. spatial arrangement of OHs
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8
Q

Which 2 sugars are chiral

A

glucose and galactose

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9
Q

What are isomers

A

when a group is attached to different C atoms

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10
Q

What are optical/stero isomers

A

when a group is attached in different ways to the same C atom

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11
Q

When do simple sugars polymerize

A

when a condensation reaction occurs between 2 hydroxyl groups

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12
Q

What bond holds polysaccharides together

A

glycosidic linkage

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13
Q

What is starch

A

energy storage in plants
2 alpha glucose
unbranched=amylose/branched=amylopectin

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14
Q

In a glycosidic linkage what does the free OH on carbon 1 allow for

A

conversion to aldehyde

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15
Q

What is glycogen

A

highly branched energy storage in animals

2 alpha glucose

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16
Q

What is cellulose

A

structure in plants
2 beta glucose
long parallel strands joined by H bonds

17
Q

Why is the flipped orientation of cellulose important (2 reasons)

A
  1. generates linear molec.

2. permits multiple H bonds to form

18
Q

What is chitin

A

structure in fungi and animals
NAc molecs
beta glucose

19
Q

What is peptidoglycan

A

structure in bacteria

when its molecules align peptide bonds link amino acids chains on adjacent strands

20
Q

What are the 4 main functions of carbs

A

precursors for larger molecs, structure, indicate cell identity, energy storage

21
Q

What are glycoproteins

A

proteins that are covalently bonded to a carb (usually short oligosaccharides-few sugars)
key molecs in cell recognition and signalling

22
Q

Are starch, cellulose, chitin ,glycogen and peptoglycan di or polysaccharides

BIO112 (19 decks)

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