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American Government: 2017 > Unit 1: Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Unit 1: Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the greatest influence on the development of English law and government ?

A

The Bible

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2
Q

What two men translated the Bible into the English language ?

A

John Wycliffe and William Tyndale

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3
Q

What is common law ?

A

A non-codified form of law based on long-accepted customs and traditions

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4
Q

Who prefaced his edition of the English law code with the Ten Commandments ?

A

Alfred the Great

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5
Q

What is Henry Braxton called ?

A

“Father of the Common Law”

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6
Q

Who wrote “Institutes of the Common Law” ?

A

Sir Edward Coke

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7
Q

Who wrote “Commentaries on the Laws of England” ?

A

Sir William Blackstone

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8
Q

What did King Henry II lay the foundation for ?

A

Trial by jury

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9
Q

What is trial by jury ?

A

A man is judged guilty or not guilty by a group of his peers

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10
Q

What trials did trial by jury take the place of ?

A
  1. Trial by ordeal

2. Trial by combat

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11
Q

What is limited representative government ?

A
  1. The king’s power was limited

2. This limitation led to the development of representative government

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12
Q

What did the Anglo-Saxon kings govern through ?

A

The Witan

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13
Q

What were the two bodies in the Witan ?

A
  1. Great Council

2. King’s Court

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14
Q

What happened by the year 1265?

A

Meetings of the Great Council were being referred to as Parliament

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15
Q

Who was in charge of the first meeting of government, the beginning of representative government in England ?

A

Simon de Montfort

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16
Q

Who developed Model Parliament and when?

A

Edward I in 1295

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17
Q

What were the two divisions of Parliament ?

A

The House of Lords - the upper house

The House of Commons - the lower house

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18
Q

Who signed the Magna Carta in what year ?

A

King John in 1215

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19
Q

What did Parliament become ?

A

The model for the colonies legislatures in America and for the U. S. Congress.

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20
Q

Who was forced to sign the Petition of Right which reaffirmed certain English liberties ?

A

Charles I

21
Q

What bill strictly limited the English monarch’s power ?

A

The English Bill of Rights of 1689

22
Q

What document did not establish a civil government but expressed the desire of a people that a civil government be established ?

A

The Mayflower Compact

23
Q

What was a royal colony?

A

A colony that was a part of the king’s domain and was directly under his control

24
Q

What was a proprietary colony ?

A

A colony that the king had granted to his proprietor

25
Q

What two colonies were self-governing ?

A

Rhode Island and Connecticut

26
Q

What is a charter ?

A

A document issued by the crown which established the relationship between the king and his subjects

27
Q

Give two examples of attempts by the New England colonies to conform colonial law to biblical law.

A

The Massachusetts Body of Liberties

New Haven Colony Laws

28
Q

What is a higher law ?

A

A law above the law

29
Q

What was the first representative assembly in the colonies ?

A

The House of Burgesses

30
Q

What does bicameral mean ?

A

Composed of two houses

31
Q

What does unicameral mean ?

A

One house

32
Q

What were the two houses in a bicameral legislature ? Which was more powerful ?

A
  1. The Upper and lower houses

2. The lower house

33
Q

What was the main unit of government in the New England colonies ?

A

The town

34
Q

What was the town meeting system ?

A

Through it, local citizens assembled periodically to become the chief lawmaking body for their town.

35
Q

What was the local unit of government in the southern states ?

A

A county

36
Q

What was the Great Awakening ?

A

The spiritual revival which swept the American colonies between 1730 and 1760

37
Q

Who were two great preachers from the Great Awakening ?

A

Johnathan Edwards and George Whitefield

38
Q

What was the first attempt at political unity among the colonies ?

A

The New England Confederation

39
Q

What Plan did Benjamin Franklin propose ?

A

The Albany Plan

40
Q

What English king was determined to restore the power of the monarchy by supporting men in Parliament who would vote as he directed ?

A

George III

41
Q

Who were allies of the Americans in the British Parliament ?

A

William Pitt and Edmund Burk

42
Q

According to the Stamp Act Congress, why were the colonists not under the authority of Parliament?

A

It was because they were not represented in Parliament.

43
Q

What protested the stamp act and other British regulations which the colonists felt were illegal ?

A

The Declaration of Rights and Grievances

44
Q

What were the “Intolerable Acts”?

A

A series of laws to punish the colonists

45
Q

What governing body pledged the loyalty of the colonists to the Crown but protested Parliamentary interference with American rights ?

A

The First Continental Congress

46
Q

What was America’s first central government ?

A

The Second Continental Congress

47
Q

What act cut off trade between the colonies and England and removed the the colonies from the “King’s Protection “?

A

The Prohibitory Act

48
Q

Who said that the United States ought to declare independence ?

A

Richard Harvey Lee

49
Q

Who was the chairman of the committee ?
What year was the document signed ?
What document declared America’s independence ?

A
  1. Thomas Jefferson
  2. July 4, 1776
  3. Declaration of Independence

American Government: 2017 (7 decks)

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