Unit 1: Chapter 3-5

Question 1

Define Monomer

Answer 1

A unit to build a polymer

Question 2

Define Nucleotide

Answer 2

A, T, G, C, or U

Monomer (Base)

Question 3

Define Polypeptide

Answer 3

a protein

Question 4

Define Complex Carbohydrates

Answer 4

Polymer of simple sugar molecules

Question 5

Define the quaternary structure and interaction in a Protein

Answer 5

Two 3D structures together

Covalent, Ionic, Sulfide, and Hydrogen bonds

Question 6

Define Polymer

Answer 6

Needs to be broken into monomers to extract the potential energy.

Question 7

Define Nucleic Acid

Answer 7

Macromolecule made of nucleotide

Question 8

Define Macromolecule

Answer 8

Large molecule that is made up of many smaller molecules joined together

Question 9

Define Monosaccharide

Answer 9

monomer to CHO

Question 10

Define Alpha-helix

Answer 10

Twisted ribbon

Question 11

Define Amino acid

Answer 11

Central carbon and bound hydrogen atom

Question 12

Define Polysaccharide

Answer 12

another word for CHO

Question 13

Define Phosphodiester bond

Answer 13

Bond name for a nucleic acid

Question 14

Define Beta-sheet or draw

Answer 14

Arrows

Question 15

Define Beta linkage

Answer 15

Forms straight chains of monosaccharides

Question 16

Define R-group (side chain)

Answer 16

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Distinctive side chain

Question 17

Define Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 17

Breaks down molecules

Question 18

Define Protein

Answer 18

Macromolecule that is made up of amino acids which has a define function

Question 19

Define Glucose

Answer 19

water based

Question 20

Define Peptide bond

Answer 20

Bond formed by two amino acids

Flexible bond that allows rotation

Question 21

Define N-terminus to C-terminus

Answer 21

Gly-Pro-Ses-Asp-Phe-Val-tyr-cyS

Question 22

Define Alpha Linkage

Answer 22

Forms branches

Question 23

What are the four classes of macromolecules and primary structure

Answer 23

1. Proteins
2. CHO - energy storage
3. Nucleic Acids - carries genetic information
4. Lipids - fatty acids

Question 24

List the components in a monosaccharide

Answer 24

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Question 25

Define Energy storage carbohydrates

Answer 25

Starch, Sucrose, Lactose Alpha-linkages Branches

Question 26

Define Structure support carbohydrates

Answer 26

Cellulose, Chitin, Cell wall/bacteria Beta-linkages Cross-linkages reduce water access

Question 27

What are the Primary Function of Proteins and examples?

Answer 27

1. Movement - Actin/Myosin 2. Structure - Collagen 3. Defense - Antibodies 4. Transport - Porin Proteins 5. Signaling - Insulin 6. Catalysis - Digestive enzymes, Poly.

Question 28

What is the definition of amphipathic?

Answer 28

Compounds that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 29

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 29

``` Saturated No double bonds between carbons in fatty acids Solid at room temperature Animal fat Butter Unsaturated One or more double bonds Liquid at room temperature Plant fat Peanut or olive oil ```

Question 30

Describe the structural differences and functions of saturated and unsaturated fats.

Answer 30

Double and no double bonds between fatty acid tails.

Question 31

How does hydrocarbon tail length affect the viscosity of lipids?

Answer 31

Harder to transfer lipids

Question 32

Why don’t lipids dissolve in water?

Answer 32

Because they are too non-polar or hydrophobic and water is polar and hydrophilic. BUTTTT some can dissolve with the proper head molecule. Which I think means that the head molecule would have to be polar.

Question 33

What is a phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 33

Cell membrane