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Rad Physics (Radt 134) > Unit 1 Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Anything that occupies space

A

matter

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2
Q

The quantity of matter as described by its energy equivalence

A

mass

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3
Q

the force exerted on a body under the influence of gravity

A

weight

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4
Q

weight can change between the moon and the earth, however_______ remains unchanged

A

mass

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5
Q

the ability to do work

A

energy

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6
Q

ability to do work by virtue of position

A

potential energy

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7
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

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8
Q

energy released by chemical reaction

A

chemical energy

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9
Q

work that can be done when an electron moves through an electric potential difference

A

electrical energy

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10
Q

Heat…Energy of motion at the molecular level

A

thermal energy

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11
Q

energy contained within the nucleus of an atom

A

nuclear energy

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12
Q

a form of energy that is reflected or emitted from objects in the form of electrical and magnetic waves that can travel through space

A

electromagnetic energy

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13
Q

matter that absorbs all or part of the electromagnetic energy (aka exposed)

A

irradiated

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14
Q

radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron

A

ionizing radiation

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15
Q

orbital electron and the atom from which it was removed

A

ion pair

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16
Q

a unit used to express radiation exposure

A

mSv

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17
Q

average annual dose from the natural environment

A

3mSv

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18
Q

average annual dose from manmade radiation

A

3.2mSv

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19
Q

particulate and electromagnetic radiation from the sun and other stars

A

cosmic rays

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20
Q

Cosmic radiation varies with

A

altitude and latitude

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21
Q

results from deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides

A

terrestrial radiation

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22
Q

intensity depends on what

A

the geologic area

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23
Q

natural metabolites present within our bodies

A

internally deposited radionuclides

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24
Q

the largest source of natural ionizing radiation

A

radon

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25
Q

radioactive gas produced when uranium decays

A

radon

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26
Q

the largest manmade source of radiation

A

diagnostic x-rays

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27
Q

the percentage of our populations approximate annual dose that comes from medical imaging

A

51%

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28
Q

when were x-rays discovered

A

November 8, 1895

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29
Q

Who discovered x-rays

A

Wilhelm C. Roentgen

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30
Q

what type of tube was Roentgen using when he discovered x-rays

A

Crooks tube

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31
Q

what did Roentgen call the x-rays

A

x-light

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32
Q

what was the first published x-ray of

A

his wife’s hand

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33
Q

what award did Roentgen receive

A

the nobel prize

34
Q

what year did Roentgen receive his award

A

1901

35
Q

static image pictures

A

radiography

36
Q

dynamic moving images

A

fluoroscopy

37
Q

sliced images that can be reconstructed on any plane

A

computed tomography

38
Q

invented in 1907 creating high power voltage which exceeded the capabilities of the currently used Crook’s tube

A

Snook transformer

39
Q

who invented the hot cathode x-ray tube

A

Coolidge

40
Q

what year was the hot cathode x-ray tube invented

A

1913

41
Q

the first x-ray fatality in the United States occurred in what year

A

1904

42
Q

who was the first known x-ray related death

A

Clarence Dally, assistant to Thomas Edison

43
Q

early reports of radiation injuries

A

skin damage, loss of hair and anemia

44
Q

ALARA

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

45
Q

removes x-rays of low energy which contribute little to medical imaging

A

filters

46
Q

reduces the size of the x-ray beam and therefore the area exposed

A

collimation

47
Q

create light from x-rays reducing the amount of radiation necessary in film imaging

A

intensifying screens

48
Q

lead aprons, thyroid shields and gloves worn by technologists, radiologists and patients

A

protective apparel

49
Q

lead shields used to block radiation from reaching the patients gonads during an examination

A

gonadal shielding

50
Q

this is where you stand during the exam, behind the lead wall

A

protective barriers

51
Q

Meter. Distance between two lines engraved on a bar at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures

A

Length

52
Q

Kilogram. Mass of 1000 cm^3 of water at 4* celsius

A

Mass

53
Q

Second. Based on the vibration of atoms of cesium

A

Time

54
Q

Speed. How fast the object is moving

A

Velocity

55
Q

formula for velocity

A

V=d/t

56
Q

rate of change of velocity over time

A

acceleration

57
Q

formula for acceleration

A

a=(v2-v1)/t

58
Q

unit for velocity

A

m/s

59
Q

unit for acceleration

A

m/s^2

60
Q

A body will remain at rest or will continue to move with constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external force.

A

Newton’s First Law of Motion- INERTIA

61
Q

the force (F) that acts on an object is equal to the mass(m) of the object multiplied by the acceleration (a)

A

Newton’s Second Law of Motion -FORCE

62
Q

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

A

Newton’s Third Law of Motion- ACTION/REACTION

63
Q

the product of mass and velocity

A

momentum(p) (p=mv)

64
Q

force applied x distance over which it is applied

A

Work (W) (W=Fd)

65
Q

the unit for work

A

Joule (J)

66
Q

the rate of doing work

A

Power (P)

67
Q

Formula for Power(P)

A

P=work/t which is also P=Fd/t

68
Q

The unit for power is

A

horsepower or watt (W)

69
Q

the kinetic energy of the random motion of molecules

A

heat

70
Q

unit for heat

A

Calorie

71
Q

three ways heat transfer can occur

A

convection, conduction, or radiation

72
Q

transfer of heat by touching

A

conduction

73
Q

transfer of heat in gas or liquid from one place to another

A

Convection

74
Q

transfer by emission of infrared radiation

A

thermal radiation

75
Q

10^-3 on thousandth of an amp.

A

milliampere. (1000 milliamperes=1 amp)

76
Q

10^3, 1000 volts

A

kilovolts (kV)

77
Q

the unit of radiation exposure or intensity

A

Air Kerma

78
Q

the unit of radiation absorbed dose (rad)

A

The gray

79
Q

unit occupational radiation exposure and effective dose

A

Sievert (Sv)

80
Q

unit of radioactivity

A

Becquerel (Bq)

Rad Physics (Radt 134) (6 decks)

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