Unit 1 Cell Energy EJR

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

Question 2

Light Reactions

Answer 2

the reaction which occurs as the first phase of photosynthesis, in which energy in the form of light is absorbed and converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP.

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

the name of the green pigment that plants use to make food during a process called photosynthesis

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

the process of making glucose

Question 5

Calvin cycle

Answer 5

a process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow.

Question 6

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 6

a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

NADPH

Answer 7

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate is an essential electron donor in all organisms, and provides the reducing power for anabolic reactions and redox balance.

Question 8

Pigment

Answer 8

color

Question 9

Granum

Answer 9

a basic structural unit of the thylakoid membrane network of plant chloroplasts

Question 10

Stomata

Answer 10

tiny openings present on the epidermis of leaves

Question 11

Carbon Fixation

Answer 11

the process by which plants and algae convert the carbon found in inorganic molecules in the atmosphere into organic matter to produce biological building blocks and fuel for cellular respiration.

Question 12

Heterotrophs

Answer 12

an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.

Question 13

Thylakoids

Answer 13

small, green, stacked compartments found inside of chloroplasts

Question 14

Carotenoids

Answer 14

a class of more than 750 naturally occurring pigments synthesized by plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria

Question 15

Aerobic respiration

Answer 15

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates

Question 16

Fermentation

Answer 16

a process in which sugars are transformed into a new product through chemical reactions carried out by microorganisms

Question 17

NAD+

Answer 17

a critical coenzyme found in every cell in your body that’s involved in hundreds of metabolic processes like cellular energy and mitochondrial health.

Question 18

Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 18

the anaerobic transformation of fructose and glucose (sugars) into ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 19

Glycolysis

Answer 19

a set of reactions that converts glucose to pyruvate or lactate.

Question 20

NADH

Answer 20

occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy.

Question 21

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 21

respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen

Question 22

Cellular respiration

Answer 22

a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP

Question 23

Krebs cycle

Answer 23

present in every cell that uses oxygen to produce energy

Question 24

Pyruvic acid

Answer 24

an acid that is formed from carbohydrates during the process of glycolysis

Question 25

Citric acid

Answer 25

an organic compound with the skeletal formula

Question 26

ATP

Answer 26

the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level

Question 27

ADP

Answer 27

a molecule that is involved in transferring and providing cells with energy