Unit 1 Cell Energy EJR Flashcards
Autotroph
an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals
Light Reactions
the reaction which occurs as the first phase of photosynthesis, in which energy in the form of light is absorbed and converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP.
Chlorophyll
the name of the green pigment that plants use to make food during a process called photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
the process of making glucose
Calvin cycle
a process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow.
Electron Transport Chain
a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation
NADPH
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate is an essential electron donor in all organisms, and provides the reducing power for anabolic reactions and redox balance.
Pigment
color
Granum
a basic structural unit of the thylakoid membrane network of plant chloroplasts
Stomata
tiny openings present on the epidermis of leaves
Carbon Fixation
the process by which plants and algae convert the carbon found in inorganic molecules in the atmosphere into organic matter to produce biological building blocks and fuel for cellular respiration.
Heterotrophs
an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.
Thylakoids
small, green, stacked compartments found inside of chloroplasts
Carotenoids
a class of more than 750 naturally occurring pigments synthesized by plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria
Aerobic respiration
A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates
Fermentation
a process in which sugars are transformed into a new product through chemical reactions carried out by microorganisms
NAD+
a critical coenzyme found in every cell in your body that’s involved in hundreds of metabolic processes like cellular energy and mitochondrial health.
Alcoholic fermentation
the anaerobic transformation of fructose and glucose (sugars) into ethanol and carbon dioxide
Glycolysis
a set of reactions that converts glucose to pyruvate or lactate.
NADH
occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy.
Anaerobic respiration
respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen
Cellular respiration
a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP
Krebs cycle
present in every cell that uses oxygen to produce energy
Pyruvic acid
an acid that is formed from carbohydrates during the process of glycolysis
Citric acid
an organic compound with the skeletal formula
ATP
the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level
ADP
a molecule that is involved in transferring and providing cells with energy
