Unit 1 Building a Nation - Ch 1 Flashcards
What reasons existed for settling the 13 colonies?
religious freedom, economic opportunities, and political liberty.
who was John Winthrop
The chief figure among the Puritan founders of New England
who was Anne Hutchinson
One of the earliest American feminists, challenged male authority
What were the ideas of John Locke?
all persons are endowed with natural rights to life, liberty, and property
what was the Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was a series of religious revivals in American Christian history.
who was George Whitfield
George Whitfield, was an English Anglican minister and preacher who was one of the founders of Methodism and the evangelical movement.
what was the french-indian war
the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years’ War.
What were the causes of the American Revolution?
British attempts to assert greater control over colonial affairs after having long adhered to a policy of salutary neglect
What was the Stamp Act
The act required the colonists to pay a tax, represented by a stamp, on various forms of papers, documents, and playing cards.
who was Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson was an Founding Father president of the United States and was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence.
What principles for the country were outlined in the Declaration of Independence
all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
what ideas of john locke were used in the declaration of independence
assertion of natural individual rights and its grounding of political authority in the consent of the governed
who was the author of the declaration of independence
Thomas Jefferson
What were some weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
Congress commanded little respect and no support from state governments anxious to maintain their power
three-fifths compromise
three out of every five slaves were counted when determining a state’s total population for legislative representation and taxation
The Great Compromise
provided for a bicameral legislature, with representation in the House of Representatives according to population and in the Senate by equal numbers for each state
What basic difference existed between Federalists and Anti Federalists?
While the Federalists argued for a stronger national government, the Anti-Federalists defended a vision of America rooted in powerful states.
How many states were needed to ratify the Constitution?
nine of the thirteen State legislatures
What are the constitutional principles?
checks and balances, federalism, limited government, popular sovereignty, republicanism, and separation of powers
What are the three branches of our government?
legislative, executive and judicial.
What are some examples of checks and balances that exist in the Constitution?
The legislative branch makes laws, but the President in the executive branch can veto those laws with a Presidential Veto.
How did the cotton gin change the economy of the south?
cotton became the top cash crop in the South causing more slavery
What constitutional principle was established with Marbury v. Madison?
judicial review
who was Andrew Jackson
seventh President of the United States
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
The Monroe Doctrine warned European nations not to interfere in the Americas, declaring the Western Hemisphere closed to colonization.
What was the outcome of the 2000 presidential election?
George W. Bush vs Al Gore. Gerorgw W. Bush was declared the winner with 271 electoral votes to Gore’s 266.
What is the difference between an electoral vote and popular vote?
The popular vote is the total number of votes cast by citizens in an election, counted nationwide. The electoral vote comes from the Electoral College, where each state gets a set number of electors based on its population, and the winner of each state typically receives all of its electoral votes.
What were the goals of Osama bin Laden?
Osama bin laden targets American civilians, in retaliation against U.S. troops indiscriminately attacking Muslims. He asserted that this policy could deter U.S. troops from targeting Muslim women and children.
Why did Osama bin Laden target civilians?
He targeted civilians because he said that the people paying taxes supported the attacks of muslims so he was just attacking them back
What is the name of the terrorist organization Osama bin laden led?
al-Qaeda
What were the US government responses to the attacks on 9/11?
develop a security framework to protect our country from large-scale attacks
What were Wilson’s Fourteen Points
a vision for ending World War I in a way that would prevent such a conflagration from occurring again
Why did Congress not ratify the Treaty of Versailles?
The treaty of Versailles established the League of Nations that would give the League’s Council control over U.S. war powers.
what is Self-determination in history
a nation with similar political ambitions to create its own independent government or state
what is reparations in history
a levy on a defeated country forcing it to pay some of the war costs of the winning countries
What are some examples of changes that occurred in American society in the years after 9/11?
the federal government moved quickly to develop a security framework to protect our country from large-scale attacks directed from abroad
What were the goals when the US invaded Afghanistan
to dismantle al-Qaeda, and to deny Islamist militants a safe base of operations
Who was the Taliban?
The Taliban is a Islamist nationalist that ruled most of Afghanistan
Who was Saddam Hussein?
Saddam Hussein was an Iraqi politician and president of Iraq
What are WMD’s?
Weapon of mass destruction
What were some successes and failures of Bush’s second term as president?
During his second term, Bush reached multiple free trade agreements
False Premise for Going to War
What caused the economic recession at the end of Bush’s second term?
significant income tax cuts the implementation of Medicare increased military spending for two wars
What is the difference between “old immigration” and “new immigration” in the 19th century?
old immigration originated in northern and western Europe. The new immigration originated from southern and eastern Europe
What were some problems with industrialization in the late 19th century?
pollution, deplorable working and living conditions, and child labor