chapter 6 study guide Flashcards
What economic and political conditions following World War I encouraged dictatorships?
Sever economic instability and Germany had strick consequences
What are the three elements of fascism?
aggressive nationalistic movement nation more important than the individual orderly society’s came from a dictator
Who did Hitler blame for Germany’s loss in World War I?
Hitler primarily blamed Jews for Germany’s loss in World War I
What did the Nuremburg Laws do?
It banned sexual relations between Jews and German people
Kristallnacht
“night of the broken glass” German youth broke and attacked jews shops and persons
What was the Final Solution developed at the Wannsee Conference?
Concentration camps to kill 1.7m jews
What agreement was made at the Munich Conference?
Czechoslovakia must surrender its border regions and defense
Why was Jewish immigration from Germany to the United States restricted before the war started in 1939?
Nazis sought to deprive Jews fleeing Germany of their property by levying an increasingly heavy emigration tax and by restricting the amount of money that could be transferred abroad from German banks.
How was Britain able to resist the German Blitzkrieg?
superior air defense system
What was the “loophole” that Roosevelt found in the Neutrality Act of 1939?
“cash and carry” provision, which allowed the sale of arms to belligerent nations in Europe as long as they paid in cash and transported the goods on their own ships
What is the difference between isolationism and interventionism (internationalism in your text)?
Isolationism refers to a foreign policy where a country avoids involvement in international affairs interventionism is where a country actively participates in global affairs
What idea did the America First Committee support?
American isolationism
What did the Export Control Act do?
forbidding the exporting of aircraft parts, chemicals, and minerals without a license
What was the Lend Lease Act?
allowed the United States to lend or lease war supplies to countries that were vital to the defense of the United States
What countries did the US give aid?
Allied nations, primarily the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China
Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
Pearl Harbor being a major oil and fueling station for ships and planes Japan saw this as a major asset to the United States and attacking it would cripple their military
What were the central ideas of the Atlantic Charter?
the principles of self-determination for all peoples, the rejection of territorial gains, the restoration of self-government to nations deprived of it, freedom of the seas, economic cooperation between nations, and the abandonment of the use of force
What were the Four Freedoms?
he freedom of speech, the freedom of worship, the freedom from want, and the freedom from fear
How did mobilizing the economy for war help end the depression?
creating millions of new jobs in defense industries, drastically reducing unemployment, and significantly increasing government spending
Why were Liberty Ships so significant?
served with distinction in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans during World War II
What was Executive Order 8802?
prohibiting government contractors from engaging in employment discrimination based on race, color or national origin.
What was Executive Order 9066?
authorized the forced removal of all persons deemed a threat to national security from the West Coast to “relocation centers” further inland
What was the Double V campaign?
aimed to achieve a “double victory” – victory over fascism abroad and victory over racism at home
How did the war change the lives of women?
forcing them to take on traditionally male roles in the workforce due to manpower shortages, leading to increased independence, social freedom, and a push for greater gender equality
Who was commander of the U.S. Army forces in the Philippines who made the promise, “I shall return?”
General Douglas MacArthur
What benefit did Navajo Code Talkers provide?
secure, unbreakable communication
Why was the Battle of Midway considered a turning point in the war?
it marked a decisive American victory against the Japanese Navy,
Why did Roosevelt and Churchill want to invade North Africa?
Roosevelt and Churchill decided to invade North Africa during World War II primarily to relieve pressure on the Soviet Union by drawing Axis forces away from the Eastern Front
What did the Allies do to win the Battle of the Atlantic?
introduction of aircraft carriers, Very Long Range aircraft and roving ‘support groups’ of warships
Who was Rosie the Riveter?
Rosie the Riveter is an allegorical cultural icon in the United States who represents the women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II
What areas of the country experienced rapid population growth as people moved to take jobs in war industries?
industrial Midwest and West Coast states
How did racism lead to violence in Los Angeles in 1943?
popular clothing among Mexican American youth, as a symbol of defiance and delinquency
What was decided in the Supreme Court case Korematsu v. the United States, 1944?
the evacuation order violated by Korematsu was valid
What major agreements were made at the Teheran Conference?
the Western Allies’ commitment to open a second front against Nazi Germany, including an invasion on France.
Why was The Battle of the Bulge so important?
it marked the last major German offensive on the Western Front in World War II, essentially ending their ability to resist Allied advances and paving the way for the eventual defeat of Nazi Germany
What country was invaded on D-Day?
Normandy, France
What conditions had to be met before Eisenhower could order D-Day to begin?
favorable weather with calm seas and low winds, a solid operational plan, sufficient military resources, effective deception strategies to mislead German forces,
What strategy did the United States Navy use to advance across the Pacific?
island-hopping
What was the Manhattan Project?
The Manhattan Project was a research and development program undertaken during World War II to produce the first nuclear weapons
What was the result of the Nuremburg Trails?
The trials uncovered the German leadership that supported the Nazi dictatorship. Of the 177 defendants, 24 were sentenced to death, 20 to lifelong imprisonment, and 98 other prison sentences. Twenty five defendants were found not guilty.
