Unit 1 Biological Molecules (ATP)

Question 1

What are the components of ATP?

Answer 1

Adenine - A nitrogenous Base
Ribose - a five sugar carbon
3 Phosphate Groups

Question 2

Describe ATP in terms of molecules?

Answer 2

ATP is a small and quite simple molecule

Question 3

What can an ATP molecule to be known as?

Answer 3

The primary energy currency of cells.

Question 4

ATP is used for most of what?

Answer 4

ATP is used to power most energy requiring cellular reactions.

Question 5

When does the hydrolysis of ATP happen?

Answer 5

Hydrolysis of ATP happens when a cell needs energy

Question 6

What is the equation of the hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 6

ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi (+ energy)

Question 7

What in words are the products of the hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 7

Adenosine Diphosphate and an inorganic phosphate group

Question 8

What is the inorganic phosphate group symbol?

Answer 8

P with a subscript i

Question 9

Which enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 9

Hydrolase

Question 10

From which of the reactants is energy released within the hydrolysis reaction of ATP?

Answer 10

Energy is released as one of the phosphate bonds are broken during the hydrolysis of ATP

Question 11

The energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is used to perform work where?

Answer 11

Work inside the cell

Question 12

What is another use of the hydrolysis of ATP ?

Answer 12

The hydrolysis of ATP can also be used to couple other reactions within the cells that need energy.

Question 12

Give an example of energy coupling using ATP is what?

Answer 12

An example of energy is coupling is using ATP is the transmembrane sodium potassium pump.

Question 13

Explain how the potassium-sodium pump works?

Answer 13

Energy is released from ATP,
Energy is needed to power the pump that allows Sodium ions out of the cells and potassium ions into the cells

Question 14

What is the inorganic phosphate released in the hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 14

It can be used to phosphorylate other compounds

Question 15

What does phosphorylate mean?

Answer 15

To introduce a phosphate group to a new molecule or compound

Question 15

What does phosphorylating other compounds do to the compounds?

Answer 15

Phosphorylating compounds makes compounds more reactive.

Question 16

What is special about the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP?

Answer 16

Its Reversible

Question 17

What is the equation for the resynthesise of ATP?

Answer 17

ADP + Pi (+ energy) → ATP + H2O

Question 17

How is ATP resynthesised?

Answer 17

ATP is resynthesised by the condensation reaction of ADP and the inorganic phosphate

Question 18

What is the enzyme used to catalyse the resynthesis of ATP?

Answer 18

ATP Synthase

Question 19

When does the resynthesis of ATP usually occur?

Answer 19

Resynthesis of ATP usually occurs during Photosynthesis and Respiration

Question 20

What does the regeneration of ATP require?

Answer 20

An input of energy

Question 21

(E*) What is the name of the enzyme that accurately synthesises DNA during replication?

Answer 21

DNA Polymerase

Question 22

(E*) ATP is most similar to nucleotides from which other molecule

Answer 22

RNA