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APPsych > Unit 1: Biological basis of behavior > Flashcards

Unit 1: Biological basis of behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Genetic predisposition

A

Increased change of certain outcome because of genes

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2
Q

Neurons

A

Individual Nerve cells

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3
Q

Dendrites

A

Rootlike bits of neurons that make connections with other neurons. Where charge is fired into

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4
Q

Axon

A

wirelike structure that extends from cell body. Where charge comes from

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5
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between dendrites and axon of different neurons.

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6
Q

Action potential

A

Firing of neurons

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7
Q

All or none principle

A

Neuron either completely fires or doesn’t at all

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8
Q

Dopamine

A

Motor movement and alertness. Lack is assocaited with parkinson’s disease. Too much is associated with Schizoprenia

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9
Q

Serotonin

A

Mood Control. Lack is associated with depression

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10
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Alertness, arousal. Lack is associated with depression

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11
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory. Involved in memory. Triggers migraines, seizures.

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12
Q

GABA

A

Inhibatory neurotransitter. Can cause sleep problems.

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13
Q

Endorphins

A

Pain control. Involved in addictions.

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14
Q

Substance P

A

Pain perception. Lack is associated with lack of pain perception

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15
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Is a neurotransmitter. Motor movement. Lack is associated with Alzheimer’s disease

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16
Q

Interneurons

A

Take messages and send them elsewhere. Communication between sensory and motor neurons.

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16
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Take information from senses to brain

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17
Q

Motor neurons

A

From brain to rest of body.

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18
Q

Somatic vs. autonomic nervous system

A

Somatic = voluntary muscle movements.

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19
Q

Endocrine System

A

Hormone system

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20
Q

Adrenaline

A

Activated during fight of flight

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21
Q

Leptin

A

Weight regulation (supresses hunger)

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22
Q

Ghrelin

A

Motivates eating and increases hunger

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23
Q

Melatonin

A

Triggers sleep and wakefulness responses in brain

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24
Oxytocin
Promotes good feelings such as trust and bonding
25
Adrenal Glands
Produce adrenaline
26
Lesions
Removal of part of the brain
27
EEG (electroencephalogram)
Detects brain waves. Nodes on brain. Used widely in sleep
28
CAT / CT scan.
X ray to create 3d image of brain.
29
PET
Measures brain activity during certain tasks. Does this through measuring glucose use.
30
fMRI
MRI and PET scans together. Shows activity and structure of brain
31
Hindbrain
Located on top of the spinal cord. Life support system. Reptilian brain.
32
Medulla.
Blood pressure + HR + breathing. Located above spinal cord.
33
Pons
Facial expressions. Connects hindbrain with midbrain and forebrain.
34
Cerebellum
Smaller version of brain on underside. Little brain. Habitual muscle movements
35
Reticular formaiton
Collection of cells in midbrain that controls body arousal and attention.
36
Thalamus
On top of brain stem. Receving sensory signals.
37
Hypothalamus
Body temp, sexual arousal, hunger, thirst and endocrine system.
38
Amygdala and Hippocampus
Memory.
39
Cerebral cortex
Higher level processing.
40
Frontal lobes
AKA prefrontal cortex. Central executive function. Important in prediction and goals.
41
Broca's area
Muscles involved in speech.
42
Wernicke's area
Language processing
43
Parietal lobes
Sensory processing
44
Occipatal lobes.
Visual cortex
45
Temporal lobes
Linguistic processing
46
Priming
People respond better to questions they have seen before, even if they don't remember them.
47
Agonists (drugs)
Drugs that mimic neurotransmitters
48
Antagonists
Drugs that block neurotransmitters
49
Circadian rhythm
24-hour internal clock
50
REM sleep
Muscles twitch and eyes move rapidly.
51
Insomnia
Problems getting to sleep very often.
52
Narcolepsy
Intense sleepyness. May fall asleep unpredictably
53
Sleep apnea
Stop breathing for short periods of time when asleep.
54
Somnambulism
Sleepwalking
55
Activation synthesis dream theory
Dreams are stories made up by our mind during REM sleep. Processing impulses so that they make sense.
56
Consolidation theory
Dreams function to help us encode into long term memory
57
Transduction
Signals of senses are transitioned into neural impulses
58
Synesthesia
Activation of one sense goes with another (color and sight)
59
Prosopagnosia
Inability to recognise faces
60
What is the frequency of light waves responsible for?
Color hue
61
What is the amplitude of light waves responsible for?
Intensity
62
Transduction (eye)
Incoming light signals into neural signals
63
cones and rods
Cells in retina that detect color and B&W, respectivly.
64
Ganglion cells
Optic nerve. Activated if enough cones and rods fire.
65
Trichromatic theory
Three colors come together to give us color vision
66
Opponent process theory
Sensory receptions come in pairs (red / green) etc. The pair isn't fired if you see a certain color. Therefore, you see the opposite after the color you are seeing fatiues.
67
What does amplitude determine in hearing
Loudness
68
What does frequency of the waves refer to in hearing
Pitch
69
First part of the ear sound waves reach
Eardrum
70
What is the eardrum attached to?
Hammer, anvil, stirrup
71
Where is the three small bones connected to
From three small bones, oval window is connected to cochlea
72
Basilar membrane
In the cochlea. Hair cells in liquid. They produce sound impulses when the hair cells move.
73
Place sound theory
Cells in the cochlea respond to different frequencies of sound based on where they are located.
74
Frequency sound theory
Lower tones are because of the rate at which these cells fire. Otherwise place sound theory is correct.
75
Supertasters
Individuals that can taste what others can't
76
What is different in the sense of smell
Smell goes directly fo the amygdala and the hippocampus.

APPsych (6 decks)

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