unit 1: biochemistry - enzymes Flashcards
enzyme
proteins that act as catalysts, speed up chemical reaction, lowering activation energy
how do enzymes speed up reactions?
chemical change: reactant molecule break & rearrange to form new products through endergonic & exergonic reactions which are free energy
endergonic reaction
absorbed , photosynthesis
exergonic reaction
released , cellular respiration
activation energy
min. energy to get chemical reaction started (change with temp / pH)
factors that affect enzyme activity
- saturation
- temperature
- pH
- cofactors & coenzymes
- enzyme inhibition
- allosteric regulations
- feedback inhibition
saturation
speed of enzyme reaction dependent on amount of substrate available to act on
substrate concentration
saturation point
enzyme concentration
continuously catalyze
temperature
enzyme has optimal temp. higher temp, higher rate of reaction
pH
enzyme has optimal pH
cofactors
non- protein that bind enzymes to catalyze reactions (dissolved ion/metals)
coenzymes
enzymes needed to help some enzymes function (vitamins)
enzyme inhibition
competitive / non-competive inhibitor
competive inhibitor
inibitor binds to active site so substrate is unable to bind
non-competitive inhibitor
inhibitor binds somewhere other than active site so substrate is unable to bind
allosteric regulations
inhibition - cells restrict production
activation - cells inhibit action
feedback inhibition
type of negative feedback that can be used to control metabolic pathways
active site
area where substrate can fit
catabolic
break down complex molecules
anabolic
creating bigger complex molecules
what is the enzyme name for the substrate
lactose
ATP
amylose
protein
lactase
ATPase
amylase
pepsin
