Unit 1 : Basics of Nutritional Sciences Flashcards
What is Nutrition the study of ?
- Nutrients in food
- How nutrients are used in the body
- The human behaviours related to food
What are some energy providing nutrients ?
- Carbohydrates
- Fat
- Protein
What are some non energy containing nutrients ?
- Water
- Vitamins
- Minerals
What are essential nutrients and what are some examples of it?
- they are nutrients that must come from food , because your body cannot make these in sufficient quantities
- Examples; Minerals, Essential fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic acid. also some Essential fatty acids like Arginine and tryptophan
What are non essential nutrients?
- They are nutrients that the body is able to make sufficient amounts.
Is Cholesterol essential or non essential ? Why?
It is non essential because the liver can produce it.
What are conditionally essential nutrients and what are some examples?
- these are nutrients that your body can usually make enough of but during specific times it is unable to
- Amino acid histidine is needed in periods of growth( kids and adolescents need it through food, but healthy adults can make enough)
- Glycine is a non essential AA but it becomes essential during late pregnancy
- Vitamin K is produced for all kids and adults but newborns needed to be given a dose of vitamin K
Define Kilocalorie/Calorie
- It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temp of 1L of water by 1 degree celsius
Define calorie
- It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1mL of water by one degree celsius
How much Cal/g or kcal/g energy does each of the following provide ?
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fat
3. Protein
4. Alcohol
- Carbohydrates = 4 Cal/g
- Fat = 9 Cal/g
- Protein = 4 Cal/g
- Alcohol = 7 Cal/g
What ages is the Canada’s Food Guide made for ?
- 2 years of age and above
What are the 5 basic characteristics of Canada’s Food Guide ?
- Adequacy - Adequate date that provides sufficient amounts of essential nutrients, fibre and calories
- Balance - A diet that provides balanced amounts of all nutrients
- Calorie control - Watch your portions ; know your body type
- Moderation - Eat in moderate amounts
- Variety - Eat a varied diet, from all food groups
how is the nutrient density calculated?
e.g. 1 cup skim milk : 85 Cal ; 350 mg calcium
Calcium density : 350mg/85 Cal =4.11
What are the proportions of foods on the Eat Well Plate recommend by Canada’s Food Guide ?
- half of the plate be fruits and vegetables
- 1/4 of the plate be Whole Grain Foods
- 1/4 of the plate be Protein foods
What is the purpose of Nutrition labels in Canada ?
- Standardize nutrition labelling and food claims
- Help consumers make informed choices
What type of foods have nutrition facts label on them and what type do not ?
- Almost all pre packaged foods have it
- Few products that are exempt include:
1. Fresh fruit and vegetables
2. Raw meat , poultry , fish and seafood
3. Foods prepared to processed at the store : Bakery items, sausage, salads
4. Foods that contain veery few nutrients : Coffee beans , tea leaves , spices
5. Alcoholic beverages
What type of information is on the Nutrition facts panel?
- Serving Size
- Actual amount of Calories
- Actual amount of 13 nutrients
- % daily value (DV)
- List of ingredients
- Allergy information
- Certain nutrient information
What percent of Daily value is too low or too high and what nutrients do you want to limit and what nutrients do you want more of?
- 5% DV or less is low
- 15% DV or more is high
- You want to limit fat , saturated fat , cholesterol, and sodium
- You want more of fibre , calcium and iron
In the ingredients list , how are they ordered ?
- It is listed from the most weight to the least. (the largest amount is listed first)
What is the major difference between Food allergy and food intolerance?
Food allergy involves a immune response but food intolerance does not even involve the immune system
How is a food allergy detected by the body and afterwards, what actions are taken by the body ?
- Firstly, a food protein is mistakenly identified by the immune system as being harmful
- When the body detects any allergy for the first time, it starts creating antibodies called immunoglobulin E (igE)
- so when the body faces this same allergy again it starts to release the igE right away, alongside chemicals such as histamine
What type of disease is the Celiac disease classified as ? and what product are the symptoms triggered by ?
- Genetic disease
- It is triggered by Gluten
What is the cure for food allergies and what is the emergency treatment for it ?
- There is currently no cure , only way to prevent allergic reactions is to avoid the specific foods responsible
- Emergency treatment is an EpiPen
What are the consequences if the food manufacturer fails to declare the presence of priority allergens and gluten sources on the label of a prepackaged food product?
- It could be in violation of the Food and Drugs Act and the Safe Foods for Canadian Act.
- If so , the food can be recalled.
What is Lactose intolerance and what are the symptoms of it ?
- It is the impaired ability to digest lactose due to reduced amounts of the enzyme lactase.
- Symptoms: Nausea , Pain , Diarrhea and gas
