Unit 1 B

Question 1

Types of Muscle

Answer 1

1. Cardiac Muscle- wall of heart, works continously, involuntary, has own blood supply, NEVER fatigues when exercising
2. Smooth Muscle (involuntary)- works without concious control, walls of digestive system & blood vessels, involuntary, helps regulate digestion and blood pressure.
3. Skeletal muscle (voluntary)- striped muscle, under concious control, connect to skeletal system to creat movement, fatigued during exercise

Question 2

Muscle Pairs

Answer 2

Biceps + Triceps
Quadriceps + Hamstrings
Erector Spinae + Abdominals
Hip Flexors + Gluteals
Gastrocnemius + Tibialis Ant
Pectorals + Trapezius
Deltoids + Latissimus Dorsi

Question 3

Agonisic Pairs

Answer 3

Agonist- working muscle
Antagonist- relaxing muscle

Question 4

Types of muscle contraction

Answer 4

Isotonic - muscle contraction that creates movement
Concentric- muscles shorten and gets fatter as fibres contract
Eccentric- muscle lengthens and gets longer as fibres contract
Isometric- muscles contract but no resulting movement

Question 5

All or none law

Answer 5

for a motor unit to contract it must recieve an impulse/signal, all muscle fibres contract or none of them contract

Question 6

Origin & Insertion

Answer 6

Origin- where tendon of the muscle joins the stationary bone(s)
Insertion- where tendon of the muscles join the moving bone(s)

Question 7

Synergists & Fixator

Answer 7

Synergists (Helpers)- muscles that work together to help agonist work effectively- modify or alter the direction of pull on agonist to most advantageous position
Fixator (Stabilisers)- stop unwated movement, stablise origin

Question 8

Type 1 Fibre
( slow twitch)

Answer 8

-contract slowly with less force
-slow to fatigue
-suited to long duration activities, aerobic e.g. marathon
-rich blood suplly & contain many mitochondria to support aerobic resp

Question 9

Type IIa
(fast twitch)

Answer 9

-fast contracting
-contracts wth great force
-resistant to fatigue
-less reliant on oxygen supplied by blood
-suited to speed and stength activities e.g. weight training

Question 10

Type IIx
(super fast twitch)

Answer 10

-contact rapidly
-produce large amounts of force
-fatigue more easily
- depend almost entirely on anaerobic
- high intensity, short duration e.g. 100m

Question 11

Responses

Answer 11

Increased blood supply- blood flow increases to working muscles to supply oxy & remove waste products
Increased muscle temp- metabollic reaction to break down fats/carbs, generates heat
Increased muscle pliability- warmer so less chance of injury
Lactate- bi product produced during metabolism & exercise
Microtears- when taking part of resistance exercise, micro tears in muscle fibres, the body can repair with time to recuperate

Question 12

Adaptations 1

Answer 12

Hypertrophy- increase in muscle size due to overloading with resitance training
Increased tendon strength-ligaments & tendons around joints become stronger
Increased size & no. of mitochondria- more aerobic energy can be produced fur to more space for increased mito

Question 13

Adaptations 2

Answer 13

Increased myoglobin stores- type of haemoglobin in muscles, more energy as myo transports oxy to mito
Increases glycogen storage- energy reserve for body, stored
Increase storage of fat-used to produce energy through aerobic glycolysis
Increased tolerance to lactate- fatigue delayed, removed more efficiently

Question 14

EXTRA Response

Answer 14

DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness)- 24-48hrs after exercise, pain can last up to 3 days, microtears to muscle; typucally after new exercise

Question 15

Additional Factors

Answer 15

Age- muscle mass decreases, called sarcopenia (loss of muscle strength), muscle becomes smaller
Cramp- involuntary contraction of muscle, painful and can be prompted by exercise, caused by lack of salt/electrolytes