Unit 1: B Flashcards
Define Nature and Nurture:
Nature:(Born with)
< Genetical and biological influences
Nurture:(Brought up)
< Social, economic and environmental issues.
Give examples of Nature and Nurture characteristics:
Nature:
< Eye colour
< Hair colour
< Skin colour
< Physical features
Nurture:
< Height/weight
< Personality
< Behavioural tendencies
What did Bandura suggest in the Nature VS Nurture debate?
<Bandura suggested that development is a result of the environment.
<He suggests that children learn through observing, imitating and modelling the environment/people.
<”His Bobo doll Experiment” prooved how children modelled behaviours by observing the environment and people.
What did Gesell suggest through his Maturation theory?
< Gesell’s theory stated that developmental changes in a child’s body or behaviour was a result of the ageing process.
< Gesell theory was rooted in the biological, physiological and evolutionary sciences.
< As a result he centred most of his theory on the power of biological forces.
<He proposed that development follows an orderly sequence, and the biological history of an individual decides the order of this sequence.
< He disagreed with theorists who suggested development was solely due to environmental factors.
< If a child was to experience a delay within their development, gesell suggests it would be due to hereditary.
What were the criticisms of Gesells Maturation theory?
< Piaget disagreed, and argued that a child’s development is more influenced by the environment.
< Gesell only used middle-class white, parents and their children in his sample.
List the genetic disorders/diseases which affect an individual’s development:
< Cystic fibrosis
< Brittle bone disease
< Breast cancer
< Huntington’s disease
< Down syndrome
< Muscular dystrophy
< Phenylketonuria (PKU)
What is cystic fibrosis/ Breast cancer/ Huntingtons disease?
Cystic fibrosis: causes sticky mucus to build up within your lungs and digestive system. Causing respiratory issues/ malnutrition/poor growth
Breast cancer: abnormal breast cells grow out of control, forming tumours.
Cause a lump in the breast/ Pain in the nipple area.
Huntington’s disease: a progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain.
Causes difficulty in concentrating/memory/swallowing/eating/walking.
What environmental factors affect an individual’s development?
< Poor housing
< Air pollution
< Problems accessing health and social care services
How does poor housing affect an individual’s development? (Give examples)
Living in poor house conditions increases risk of respiratory and cardiovascular disease as well as depression and anxiety.
< Dampness-mould
< Structural defects-broken windows
< Drying clothing indoors-poor ventilation
< Poor sanitation- spread of bacteria/infections
How does air pollution affect an individual’s development?
We can be impacted by air pollution both indoors and outdoors.
Outdoors: chemicals from vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions.
Indoors: mould/cleaning product emissions/poisonous gases
< Respiratory: lung cancer
< Cardiovascular: high blood pressure/pregnancy defects
< Allergies: hay fever/asthma attacks
What is a dysfunctional family?
A dysfunctional family is where conflict, misbehaviour, neglect or abuse occur continuously and regularly.
What are the 4 types of parenting styles:
< Authoritative: warmth/flexible
< Permissive: warm/open to communication
< Authoritarian: strict/high standards, expectations/punishment.
< Neglectful: dismissive/pay little attention/minimal communication, standards.
How can a parents divorce/separation affect a child?
< Cause emotional and behavioural issues.
< Child may become insecure, causes clinginess, worries, disobedience, nightmares.
< Affect their school performance and social relationships.
Give examples of bullying:
< Teasing
< Threat’s
< Humiliation
< Gossiping
< Hitting
< Social media
< Name calling
What are the impacts of bullying?
< Low self-esteem
< Stress/depression
< Social anxiety
< Social isolation
< Self-harming
< Suicidal thoughts/suicide
