Unit 1: A Flashcards
Define growth:
Constant development of different parts of the body: height, weight, puberty
Define development:
Acquisition of skills and abilities in an orderly sequence.
What are the 6 stages of human lifespan:
Infancy (0-2yrs)
Early childhood (3-8yrs)
Adolescent (9-18yrs)
Early adulthood (19-45yrs)
Middle adulthood (46-65yrs)
Later adulthood (65+yrs)
Define gross and fine motor skills, give examples:
Gross motor skills: large movements that require the WHOLE body, running/jogging/crawling/jumping/running.
Fine motor skills: smaller muscle movements of the body, using utensils/drawing/painting/ cutting things out.
What’s the male and female sex hormone?
Male: Testosterone
Female: Oestrogen
(Both hormones cause growth of genital organs)
What causes changes in the body?
Changes in the body are caused by hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.
Give a summary of the 5 Tanner stages within GIRLS
- Pre-pubertal changes
- Nipples swell, pubic hair development
- pubic hair becomes curlier, growth of armpit hair, acne, increase in body height.
- Experience first period, the growth rate will decrease.
- 14yrs old, have an adult-like appearance, reach physical maturity, fully developed genitalia.
Give a summary of the 5 Tanner stages in BOYS:
- Pre-pubertal changes
- Testicles increase in size, fine pubic hair, body fat decreases.
- Age 13: penis lengthens, pubic hair becomes thicker/curlier, voice breaks.
- May develop acne, increase in muscles, voice permanently changes.
- 15yrs old, adult-like appearance, facial hair, height increase, muscle increase.
What’s the difference between primary & secondary sexual characteristics.
Give examples in girls and boys.
Primary: characteristics formed at birth.
Girls: vagina/uterus/fallopian tubes/ovaries
Boys: penis/testes/scrotum
Secondary: characteristics formed during puberty.
Girls: breast enlargement/pubic hair development, hips widen/ovaries start to produce eggs.
Boys: growth of pubic hair, facial hair, voice deepens.
Define ‘Cognitive Development’
Cognitive Development: is an individual’s ability to learn and solve problems.
Give examples of types of ‘Intellectual Development’
< Problem solving
< Memory
< Language development
< Abstract thoughts/creative thinking
What are the 4 stages of intellectual development from infancy-later adulthood?
- Infancy and early childhood are the stages of rapid intellectual development.
- Intellectual development then continues throughout life.
- Thinking skills and short-term memory may decline during middle-later adulthood.
- During later-adulthood people may experience dementia, affecting the brain causing memory loss.
What’s intellectual development like during the Adolescents stage?
< Realise that the world is not centred around them.
< They take a more abstract and depth approach when thinking.
< The think using logic and concept.
< They develop their own morals of what is right and what is wrong.
What’s intellectual development like in the later adulthood stage?
< Thought reaction tends to slow down.
< Brain tends to malfunction.
< Takes them longer to recall information.
How can intellectual development be promoted in children, early-adulthood and later-adulthood?
Children:
< Practice alphabet, counting, shapes and colours.
< Sing songs/sing along
< Ask questions/offer choices.
Early-adulthood:
< Educational courses-university
< Travelling
< Working in a stimulating environment.
Later-adulthood:
< Puzzles/Board games/Quizzes
< Knitting/Gardening
< Watching stimulating Tv shows: who wants to be a millionaire/Tipping point/Countdown.
Define self-concept, self-image, and self-esteem:
Self-concept: how an individual thinks, evaluates or perceives themselves.
Self-image: our own mental picture of who we are, and how people see us.
Self-esteem: how much we respect and value ourselves as a person.
What is it like having ‘High Self-esteem’ and having ‘Low Self-esteem.
High self-esteem:
< Self acceptance
< Not worrying about what others think.
< Optimism: hopefulness
Low self-esteem:
< lack of confidence
< Want to be/look like someone else.
< Pessimism: defeatism
How can our self-esteem be impacted over the stages of life?
Early childhood: abuse/starting school/making friends.
Adolescence: puberty/relationships/gender issues/ college/university.
Early adulthood: marriage/divorce/starting a family/perimenopause.
Middle adulthood: menopause/health changes/changes in career.
Later adulthood: ageing process/retirement.
How can freindships benefit you?
Emotionally:
<Prevent loneliness.
<Boost happiness.
<Provides a sense of belonging/self worth.
Help to cope with traumatic events:
<Job loss
<Serious illness
<Relationship breakdown
Healthy lifestyle:
Encouragement in:
<working out
<Healthy diet
Why do friendships take a step back as we get older?
< Change in interests/circumstances
< Commitments to career/homes
< Friendship could grow apart
How can peer pressure impact social development?
< Engaging in risky behaviour/surrounding yourself with the wrong people.
< Bullying
< Breaking rules
< Needing to dress or act a certain way.
Name the 3 types of play in infancy/early childhood, within social development.
Solo play: 0-2yrs
< The infant is engrossed within its own play. They play alone, although they may have other infants around them, they do not attempt to play with them.
Parallel play: 2-3yrs
< The infant is still engrossed within its own play. They may tend to copy other children, but still do not tend to interact with them.
Cooperative play: 3+yrs
< They now tend to talk to each other, share and play together. They will share their ideas, and resources with eachother.
