Unit 1: A

Question 1

Define growth:

Answer 1

Constant development of different parts of the body: height, weight, puberty

Question 2

Define development:

Answer 2

Acquisition of skills and abilities in an orderly sequence.

Question 3

What are the 6 stages of human lifespan:

Answer 3

Infancy (0-2yrs)
Early childhood (3-8yrs)
Adolescent (9-18yrs)
Early adulthood (19-45yrs)
Middle adulthood (46-65yrs)
Later adulthood (65+yrs)

Question 4

Define gross and fine motor skills, give examples:

Answer 4

Gross motor skills: large movements that require the WHOLE body, running/jogging/crawling/jumping/running.

Fine motor skills: smaller muscle movements of the body, using utensils/drawing/painting/ cutting things out.

Question 5

What’s the male and female sex hormone?

Answer 5

Male: Testosterone
Female: Oestrogen
(Both hormones cause growth of genital organs)

Question 6

What causes changes in the body?

Answer 6

Changes in the body are caused by hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.

Question 7

Give a summary of the 5 Tanner stages within GIRLS

Answer 7

1. Pre-pubertal changes
2. Nipples swell, pubic hair development
3. pubic hair becomes curlier, growth of armpit hair, acne, increase in body height.
4. Experience first period, the growth rate will decrease.
5. 14yrs old, have an adult-like appearance, reach physical maturity, fully developed genitalia.

Question 8

Give a summary of the 5 Tanner stages in BOYS:

Answer 8

1. Pre-pubertal changes
2. Testicles increase in size, fine pubic hair, body fat decreases.
3. Age 13: penis lengthens, pubic hair becomes thicker/curlier, voice breaks.
4. May develop acne, increase in muscles, voice permanently changes.
5. 15yrs old, adult-like appearance, facial hair, height increase, muscle increase.

Question 9

What’s the difference between primary & secondary sexual characteristics.
Give examples in girls and boys.

Answer 9

Primary: characteristics formed at birth.
Girls: vagina/uterus/fallopian tubes/ovaries
Boys: penis/testes/scrotum

Secondary: characteristics formed during puberty.
Girls: breast enlargement/pubic hair development, hips widen/ovaries start to produce eggs.
Boys: growth of pubic hair, facial hair, voice deepens.

Question 10

Define ‘Cognitive Development’

Answer 10

Cognitive Development: is an individual’s ability to learn and solve problems.

Question 11

Give examples of types of ‘Intellectual Development’

Answer 11

< Problem solving
< Memory
< Language development
< Abstract thoughts/creative thinking

Question 12

What are the 4 stages of intellectual development from infancy-later adulthood?

Answer 12

1. Infancy and early childhood are the stages of rapid intellectual development.
2. Intellectual development then continues throughout life.
3. Thinking skills and short-term memory may decline during middle-later adulthood.
4. During later-adulthood people may experience dementia, affecting the brain causing memory loss.

Question 13

What’s intellectual development like during the Adolescents stage?

Answer 13

< Realise that the world is not centred around them.
< They take a more abstract and depth approach when thinking.
< The think using logic and concept.
< They develop their own morals of what is right and what is wrong.

Question 14

What’s intellectual development like in the later adulthood stage?

Answer 14

< Thought reaction tends to slow down.
< Brain tends to malfunction.
< Takes them longer to recall information.

Question 15

How can intellectual development be promoted in children, early-adulthood and later-adulthood?

Answer 15

Children:
< Practice alphabet, counting, shapes and colours.
< Sing songs/sing along
< Ask questions/offer choices.

Early-adulthood:
< Educational courses-university
< Travelling
< Working in a stimulating environment.

Later-adulthood:
< Puzzles/Board games/Quizzes
< Knitting/Gardening
< Watching stimulating Tv shows: who wants to be a millionaire/Tipping point/Countdown.

Question 16

Define self-concept, self-image, and self-esteem:

Answer 16

Self-concept: how an individual thinks, evaluates or perceives themselves.

Self-image: our own mental picture of who we are, and how people see us.

Self-esteem: how much we respect and value ourselves as a person.

Question 17

What is it like having ‘High Self-esteem’ and having ‘Low Self-esteem.

Answer 17

High self-esteem:
< Self acceptance
< Not worrying about what others think.
< Optimism: hopefulness

Low self-esteem:
< lack of confidence
< Want to be/look like someone else.
< Pessimism: defeatism

Question 18

How can our self-esteem be impacted over the stages of life?

Answer 18

Early childhood: abuse/starting school/making friends.
Adolescence: puberty/relationships/gender issues/ college/university.
Early adulthood: marriage/divorce/starting a family/perimenopause.
Middle adulthood: menopause/health changes/changes in career.
Later adulthood: ageing process/retirement.

Question 19

How can freindships benefit you?

Answer 19

Emotionally:
<Prevent loneliness.
<Boost happiness.
<Provides a sense of belonging/self worth.

Help to cope with traumatic events:
<Job loss
<Serious illness
<Relationship breakdown

Healthy lifestyle:
Encouragement in:
<working out
<Healthy diet

Question 20

Why do friendships take a step back as we get older?

Answer 20

< Change in interests/circumstances
< Commitments to career/homes
< Friendship could grow apart

Question 21

How can peer pressure impact social development?

Answer 21

< Engaging in risky behaviour/surrounding yourself with the wrong people.
< Bullying
< Breaking rules
< Needing to dress or act a certain way.

Question 22

Name the 3 types of play in infancy/early childhood, within social development.

Answer 22

Solo play: 0-2yrs
< The infant is engrossed within its own play. They play alone, although they may have other infants around them, they do not attempt to play with them.

Parallel play: 2-3yrs
< The infant is still engrossed within its own play. They may tend to copy other children, but still do not tend to interact with them.

Cooperative play: 3+yrs
< They now tend to talk to each other, share and play together. They will share their ideas, and resources with eachother.