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Unit 1 AOS 1 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

Typical behaviour

A

An activity that is consistent with how an individual usually behaves

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2
Q

Psychological development

A

an individual’s changes in functioning across multiple domains, including the lifelong growth across emotional, cognitive, and social domains

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3
Q

Emotional development

A

The continuous, lifelong changes in skills that allow individuals to control, express, and recognise emotions in an appropriate way.

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4
Q

Social development

A

The lifelong changes in skills that allow individuals to effectively and appropriately interact with others.

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5
Q

Hereditary factors

A

factors that influence development and are genetically passed down from biological parents to their offspring

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6
Q

Environmental factors

A

factors that influence development and arise from an individual’s physical and social surroundings

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7
Q

Genetic predisposition

A

the increased likelihood to develop certain traits, including diseases, if certain conditions are met

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8
Q

Biopsychosocial model

A

a holistic, interdisciplinary framework for understanding the human experience in terms of the influence of biological, psychological, and
social factors

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9
Q

Biological factors

A

internal genetic and/ or physiologically based factors

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10
Q

Psychological factors

A

internal factors pertaining to an individual’s mental processes, including their cognition, affect, thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes

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11
Q

Social factors

A

external factors relating to an individual’s interactions with others and their external environment, including their relationships and community involvement

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12
Q

examples of biological factors

A
  • Genetic predispositions
  • Medications/substances
  • Nutrition
  • Sleep
  • Diseases and immune system functioning
  • Hormones
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13
Q

examples of psychological factors

A
  • Attitudes/ beliefs
  • Emotions (affect)
  • Personality
  • Coping skills
  • Sense of self
  • Self-esteem
  • Thoughts
  • Memories and learning
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14
Q

examples of social factors

A

Interpersonal relationships
* Attachment style
* Cultural norms
* Socioeconomic status
* Education
* Physical environment
* Family environment
* Level of social support

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15
Q

Mental wellbeing

A

an individual’s current psychological state, involving their ability to think, process information, and regulate emotions

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16
Q

Attachment

A

a long– lasting emotional bond between two individuals

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17
Q

Secure attachment

A

Secure attachment involves the needs of the infant being consistently met by their primary caregiver/s, allowing the infant to feel calmed by the presence of the caregiver when they feel distressed.

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18
Q

Insecure attachment

A

Insecure attachment may involve the primary caregiver/s inconsistently meeting the infant’s needs or consistently ignoring their needs, commonly leading to infants not seeking comfort from the caregiver
or being overly desperate for comfort from their caregiver when they experience distress.

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19
Q

cognitive development

A

the continuous, lifelong development of the ability to think, comprehend, and organise information from the internal and external environment

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20
Q

Small Pigs Can Fly.

A

Sensorimotor stage (0-2)
Preoperational stage (2-7)
Concrete operational stage (7-12)
Formal operational stage (12+)

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21
Q

Insecure-avoidant attachment

A

a style of attachment in which the infant may avoid or be reluctant to receive contact from their primary caregiver, usually due to the caregiver not responding to the infant’s needs.

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22
Q

Insecure-anxious (resistant) attachment

A

a style of attachment in which the infant fluctuates between clinging to and rejecting their primary caregiver, usually due to the caregiver inconsistently meeting the infant’s needs.

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23
Q

0-1 years (Erik Erikson’s psychological crisis across lifespan)

A

trust versus mistrust

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24
Q

1-3 years (Erik Erikson’s psychological crisis across lifespan)

A

Autonomy versus shame/ doubt

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3-6 years (Erik Erikson's psychological crisis across lifespan)
initiative versus guilt
26
6-12 years (Erik Erikson's psychological crisis across lifespan)
industry versus inferiority
27
12-19 years (Erik Erikson's psychological crisis across lifespan)
identity versus role confusion
28
19-30 years (Erik Erikson's psychological crisis across lifespan)
inttimacy versus isolation
29
30-64 years (Erik Erikson's psychological crisis across lifespan)
generativity versus stagnation
30
65+ years (Erik Erikson's psychological crisis across lifespan)
integrity versus despair.
31
Maturation
the biologically programmed process of growth that has a fixed sequence and facilitates all aspects of our development as we grow
32
Plasticity
the brain’s ability to physically change shape in response to experience and learning
33
Critical periods
the narrow, rigid developmental period in which a specific function or skill must be learnt
34
Sensitive periods
the optimal developmental period for a specific function or skill to be learnt in the fastest and easiest way
35
characteristics of a critical period
* Skills or functions within a set critical period must be learnt during this predetermined period. * Critical periods start and finish suddenly.
36
characteristics of a sensitive period
* Particular skills and functions with sensitive periods will be easiest to learn during this developmental period, however, have the ability to be developed at a later time. * Sensitive periods start and finish more gradually than critical periods.
37
nature=
heredtary
38
nurture=
environmental
39
Typical behaviour
an activity that is consistent with how an individual usually behaves
40
Atypical behaviour
an activity that is unusual or unnatural according to how an individual usually behaves
41
Psychological criteria
(in relation to typicality) standards against which a judgement can be made about a person’s behaviour and abilities
42
Cultural perspectives
the influence of society and community on one’s thoughts
43
Social norms
society’s unofficial rules and expectations regarding how individuals should act
44
Statistical rarity
something that lies outside the range of statistical normality and is also unusual enough to be considered significant
45
Personal distress
an aversive and often self-oriented emotional reaction
46
Maladaptive behaviour
an action that impairs an individual’s ability to meet the changing demands of their everyday life
47
Normality
the state of having thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that are considered common and acceptable
48
Abnormality
the state of deviating from the norm, usually in a way that is undesirable
49
The socio-cultural approach
People perceive things as normal according to a particular set of codes relating to the social and cultural context that they are part of.
50
The functional approach
People are considered normal if their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours allow them to cope with the demands of everyday lives.
51
The historical approach
What people perceive as normal changes throughout different historical periods.
52
The medical approach
Things that are abnormal have underlying biological causes and can be diagnosed clearly according to different symptoms.
53
The statistical approach
Normality is based on how the majority of people think, feel, and behave.
54
The situational approach
Normality is based on what is acceptable in different contexts.
55
Neurotypicality
a term used to describe individuals who display neurological and cognitive functioning that is typical or expected
56
Neurodiversity
variations in neurological development and functioning within and between groups of people, such as those experienced by people with autism
57
Maladaptive
being unable to adapt to the environment appropriately and function effectively
57
Adaptive
being able to adjust to the environment appropriately and function effectively
58
Neurodivergent
individuals who have a variation in neurological development and functioning
58
Neurodiversity
variations in neurological development and functioning within and between groups of people, such as those experienced by people with autism
59
Neurotypicality
a term used to describe individuals who display neurological and cognitive functioning in a way that is typical or expected
60
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by impaired social interactions, verbal and non-verbal communication difficulties, narrow interests, and repetitive behaviour
61
Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a neurological condition characterised by persistent inattention or hyperactivity that disrupts social, academic, or occupational functioning
62
Dyslexia
a neurologically based learning difficulty manifested as severe challenges in reading, spelling, writing words, and sometimes in arithmetic
63
Mental wellbeing
an individual’s current psychological state, involving their ability to think, process information, and regulate emotions
64
Psychological development
an individual’s changes in functioning across multiple domains, including the life-long growth across emotional, cognitive, and social domains
65
Mental health workers
members of a mental health treatment team who assist in providing a wide range of services and care for patients with psychological or social problems
66
Psychologist
an individual who is professionally trained in one or more branches or subfields of psychology
67
Psychiatrist
a doctor who specialises in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and study of mental, behavioural, and personality disorders
68
Mental health organisation
a company or group that works to address or advocate for mental health, such as through providing support or specialised services
69
Culturally responsive practices
acting in ways that respond to the needs of diverse communities and demonstrating an openness to new ideas that may align with different cultural ideas, beliefs, and values

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