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NAT5 Chemistry > UNIT 1- acids and bases > Flashcards

UNIT 1- acids and bases Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the pH scale?

A

it is a continuous range from below 0 to above 14

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2
Q

what is the pH of an acid?

A

LESS than 7

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3
Q

what is the pH of an alkali?

A

MORE than 7

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4
Q

what is the pH of pure water and neutral solution?

A

7

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5
Q

how do you measure pH?

A

-compare the colour of the solution to a colour chart
-use electronic pH probes to accurately measure the pH

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6
Q

what are acids?

A

they are compounds which produce H+(aq) ions when dissolved in water

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7
Q

what are alkalis?

A

they are compounds which produce OH-(aq) ions when dissolved in water

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8
Q

what is the formula and ions present for hydrochloric acid?

A

formula=HCl
ions present= H+(aq) & Cl-(aq)

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9
Q

what is the formula and ions present for sulfuric acid?

A

formula=H2SO4
ions present= 2H+(aq) & SO4(2-)(aq)

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10
Q

what is the formula and ions present for nitric acid?

A

formula=HNO3
ions present= H+(aq) & NO3-(aq)

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11
Q

what is the formula and ions present for sodium hydroxide?

A

formula=NaOH
ions present=Na+(aq) & OH-(aq)

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12
Q

what is the formula and ions present for pottasium hydroxide?

A

formula=KOH
ions present=K+(aq) & OH-(aq)

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13
Q

what is the formula and ions present for calcium hydroxide?

A

formula=Ca(OH)2
ions present=Ca2+(aq) & 2OH-(aq)

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14
Q

what do concentrated acids and alkalines contain?

A

a large amount of acid or alkali in a small volume of water

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15
Q

what do dilute acids and alkalines contain?

A

a small amount of acid or alkali in a large volume of water

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16
Q

what is equal in neutral solutions?

A

the concentration of H+(aq) ions and OH-(aq) ions

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17
Q

what is a reversable reaction?

A

it is a reaction which can proceed in both directions

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18
Q

what is equilibrium?

A

it is when the rate of the forward and reverse reactions are equal

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19
Q

what happens at equilibrium?

A

the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant, although not necessarily equal

20
Q

what is the equation for equilibrium?

A

forward reaction(rp) = backward reaction(rb)

21
Q

what happens during equilibrium in water?

A

water molecules are constantly breaking up to form ions which in turn are constantly combining to reform water molecules

22
Q

what does equilibrium in water exist in?

A

it exists in pure water and all aqeous solutions

23
Q

what is the equation for equilibrium in water?

A

H2O <_-> H+(aq) + OH-(aq)</_->

24
Q

how many water molecules break up into ions? and what does this make water?

A

only 1 in every 55 million, therefore water is a poor conductor of electricity

25
Q

what is pH?

A

it is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration

26
Q

what do acidic solutions contain?

A

more H+(aq) ions than pure water

27
Q

what do alkaline solutions contain?

A

more OH-(aq) ions than pure water

28
Q

what do neutral solutions contain?

A

they contain an equal amount of OH-(aq) ions and H+(aq) ions

29
Q

what happens if you add water to an acid?

A

the pH of the solution increases as the concentration of H+(aq) ions decreases

30
Q

what happens if you add water to an alkali?

A

the pH of the solution decreases as the concentration of OH-(aq) ions decrease

31
Q

what are all metal oxides?

A

all metal oxides are bases however not all bases are metal oxides

32
Q

what can non-metals burn in oxygen to produce?

A

they can burn in oxygen to produce non-metal oxides

33
Q

what happens when non-metal oxides dissolve in water?

A

they form acidic solutions

34
Q

what is formed if the metal oxide is soluble in water?

A

an alkali

35
Q

what do all soluble metal hydroxides dissolve in water to produce?

A

alkaline solutions

36
Q

what doesnt affect the pH of water?

A

insoluble oxides and hydroxides

37
Q

what is ammonia the common name for?

A

nitrogen hydride

38
Q

what is ammonia?

A

-it is a gas that will neutralise acids therefore it is a base
-it is a covalent molecule which dissolves in water to produce an alkaline solution

39
Q

what happens during a neutralisation experiment?

A

-acids react with bases
-the pH of the solution moves towards 7

40
Q

what are the bases?

A

-metal oxides
-metal hydroxides
-metal carbonates
-ammonia

41
Q

what are the four main reactions of bases?

A

-acid + metal oxides = salt + water
-acid + metal hydroxides = salt + water
-acid + metal carbonate = salt + CO2 + water
-acid + metal = salt + hydrogen

42
Q

what are some common acids?

A

-vinegar,
-lemonade,
-soda water,
-coke,

43
Q

what are some common alkalis?

A

-baking soda,
-dishwashing powder,
-bleach,

44
Q

What acid causes acid rain?

A

Sulfur dioxide

45
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

Light a splint, then put it out, put the glowing splint up to the end of an open test tube, if the splint is relit then oxygen is present

46
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

When carbon dioxide is shaken with or bubbled through limewater the limewater turns cloudy

NAT5 Chemistry (11 decks)

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