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568 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Dose of Acetaminophen

A

10-15mg/kg q4-6hr max 5 doses/24hr

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2
Q

Dose of Ibuprofen

A

5-10mg/kg q 6-8hr max 40mg/kg/day

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3
Q

Amoxicillian first line in

A

CAP
OM
acute bacterial rhinosinusistis in kids

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4
Q

Amoxicillian contraindicated in

A

mono d/t rash for EBV

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5
Q

Dose of Amox

A

90mg/kg/day divided BID x10days
Max 1000mg/dose
Max 2000mg/day

if 2-6 = 7 days
>6= 5 days

Adult dose= 500-875mg PO q12

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6
Q

Augmentin 1st line

A

severe bacterial rhinosinusitis
ABS in adults
treat mild infection in chronic dacrosystitis

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7
Q

PCN used for

A

acute bacterial pharyngitis

GABHS

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8
Q

Cephalosporins

A 
1st gen: cefazolin, cephalexin
2nd gen: cefuroxime, cefprozil
3rd gen: cefotaxmine, ceftriaxone, cefpodoxime, and cefdinir
4th gen: cefepime
5th gen: cefraroline
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9
Q

Cephalexin uses

A

for acute bacterial pharyngitis is PCN allergy

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10
Q

Cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, and cefixime uses

A

acute bacterial rhinosinusitis and acute otitis media if PCN allergy

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11
Q

Doxycycline

A

is a TETRACYCLINE

used in ABRS is PCN allergy or hepatic impairment

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12
Q

clindamycin

A

is a LINCOSAMIDE
treat: ABRS if PCN allergy
ABP with persistent GABHS or PCN allergy
AOM if sever PCN allergy
can be used for AOM if Amox not working

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13
Q

Azithromycin

A 
is a MACROLIDE
GI s/e
Treat: ABP if PCN allergy
           AOM is PCN allergy
           Bacterial conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia
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14
Q

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxalate (Bactrim)

A

Can be used in AOM if PCN allergy

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15
Q

Fluoroquinolone drops

A

otic drops if TM perforated in AOM

first line for AOM with PE tubes and otorrhea but no systemic symptoms

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16
Q

Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone (Ciprodex)

A

1st line for otitis externa

SAFE in TM perforation

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17
Q

Neomycin/polymyxin/hydrocortisone (Cortisporin otic)

A

Drops for OE
more affordable than ciprodex
CANNOT be used if TM perforated

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18
Q

Polysporin

A

for epistaxis

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19
Q

Topical nasal decongestant

A

phenylephrine
oxymetazole

can only use for 3 days
May be helpful in ABRS

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20
Q

Antihistamines

A

Cetirizine
Loratadine
Benadryl

Can’t give to children <4

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21
Q

Intranasal corticosteriods

A

ABRS in adults and children with allergic rhinitis

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22
Q

Mast cell stabilizers

A

Cromolyn allergic rhinitis

Cromolyn sodium- eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis

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23
Q

Montelukast

A

allergic rhinitis

needs 3-7 days to start working

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24
Q

Iprtroprium spray

A

is an ANTICHOLINERGIC

vasomotor rhinitis

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25
Q

H1 recepter antagonist

A

Levocastabine are eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis

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26
Q

Olopatadine

A

Combo drops of mast cell +h1

used for allergic conjunctivitis

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27
Q

Broad spectrum empiric abx and uses

A

erythromycin, polymyxin-trimethoprim, sulfacetamide, athizomycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, olofloxacin

used for bacterial conjunctivitis, corneal abrasion, blepharitis, and chalazion

polysporin for hordeolum (stye)

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28
Q

cycloplegic drops

A

atropine

to relieve pain from ciliray muscle spasms

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29
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

deterioration of the cochlea- loss of hair cells from the organ of Corti

NOT CORRECTABLE and is SUDDEN

Use corticosteroids (Prednisone)

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30
Q

Weber test and conductive vs sensorineual

A

Conductive= sound is louder on the poor-hearing ear

Sensorineural= sound radiates to better side

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31
Q

Rinne test and conductive vs sensorineural

A

Conductive= loss>25 dB bone conduction exceeds air

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32
Q

Foreign body in ear

A

DO NOT IRRIGATE with water=swelling

use lidocaine

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33
Q

Pt at risk for external otitis

A

DM and immunocompromised=osteomyelitis complications

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34
Q

External otitis pathogens

A

Pseudomonas proteus

Aspergillus

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35
Q

Tx for external otitis

A

acidify with 50/50 alcohol and vinegar

if infection: aminoglycoside: neomyxin/polymyxin B in TM intact
Quinolone: Ciprofloxacin (Fluoroquinolone) it TM perforated or cellulitis

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36
Q

Most common cause of eustachian tube dysfunction

A

viraul URI or allergy

transient, last days to week after viral illness

Can have retracted TM with decreased mobility

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37
Q

Tx for ET dysfunction

A

Systemic and intranasal decongestants: pseudoephedrine PO or oxymetazoline spray

Autoinflation if no infection

Intranasal corticosteroid: beclomethasone dipropionate

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38
Q

Serous otitis media causes

A

prolonged blockage of ET

negative pressure in transudation of fluid

Will have conductive hearing loss

39
Q

Tx for serous otitis media

A

Amoxicillin PO or topical fluoroquinolone drops

ventilating tubes

40
Q

Barotrauma tx

A

oral decongestants: pseudoephedrine several hours before take arrival time

topical decongestant: 1% phenylephrine 1 hr before arrival

41
Q

acute otitis media pathogens

A

strep pneumoniae
h. influenza
strep pyrogens

42
Q

AOM tx

A

Amoxicillican, erythromycin (MACROLIDE)

sulfonamide for 10days

for resistant s. pneumo= cefaclor or augmentin

43
Q

Chronic otitis media pathogens

A

p. aeruginose
proeus species
staph aureus

44
Q

Chronic otitis media tx

A

will have purulent aural discharge and conductive loss

Quinolones: Ofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin

Pseudomonas: PO CIprofloxain

45
Q

Mastoiditis tx

A

IV cefazolin

culture and drain

46
Q

Acute viral rhinosinusitis tx

A

NO ABX

oral decongestants: Pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine

47
Q

Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis pathogens

A

s. pneumon
h. influe
m. catarrhalis
s. aureus

48
Q

Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis tx

A

Acute onset 1-4 weeks duration

if persistant >10days or worsening will give abx

Augmentin 500mgTID 5-7 days

Doxycycline (tetracycline) or clindamycin (lincomycin) ir PCN allergy
Can do cefixime, or cefpodoxime

49
Q

Nasal vestibulitis

A

S. aureus

Give Dicloxacillin, mupirocin ointment

Add Rifampin if recurrent

50
Q

Allergic rhinitis tx

A

intranasal corticosteroid (delay onset): Beclomethasone, Flunisolide, Mometasone Furoate, Budesonide, Fluticasone

Antihistamine (immediate onset):
Nonsedating: Loratadine, Desloratadine, Fexofenadine, Cetirizine
H1 antagonist: Azelastine 
Antileukotriene: Montelukast
Mast cell stabilizer: Cromolyn 
Anticholinergics: Ipratroprium bromide
51
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White lesion that can not be removed by running

From tobacco, dentures, lichen planus

t: Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir

52
Q

Erythroplakia

A

White lesion that has erythemour component

dysplasia or carcinoma

53
Q

Oral candidasis

tx

A

Fluconazole (antifungal- AZOLE)
Ketoconazole (AZOLE)
Nystatin (antifungal- POYENES)

HIV infected=resistant to azoles

54
Q

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivits

A

stress caused

tx: peroxide half strength and PO PCN

55
Q

Aphthous ulcers

A

canker sores

Tx: topical corticosteroids

heals in 10-14 days

56
Q

herpes stomatitis tx

A

acyclovir (antiviral)

57
Q

Pharyngitis and tonsillitis pathogen and findings

A

group a streptococus

fever >38, anterior cervical adenopathy, lack of cough, exudate

58
Q

Pharyngitis and tonsillitis tx

A

PO PCN V Potassium (BETA-LACTAM)
Cefuozime Axetil (Cephalo)
Erythromycin if PCN allergy (MACROLIDE)
Azithro (MACRO)

59
Q

Rheumatic fever pt tx

A

Continuous course of PCN G or erythro for 5 years

60
Q

Peritonsillary abscess or cellulitis tx

A

Amoxicillin (BETA-LACTAM)
Augmentin
Clinda (LINCOMYCIN)

61
Q

Ludwig Angina

A

Pathogens: strept, staph, bacteroids, fusobacter, klebsiella

Tx: PCN and Metronidazole, ampicillin, clinda, cephalosporins

62
Q

Sialadenitis

A

Infection of parotid or submandibular salivary gland

S. aureus

Naficilin (BETA-LACTAM)

63
Q

Acute laryngitis tx

A

use voice less
erythromycin (MACROLIDE)
PO or IM corticosteroids

64
Q

Epiglottitis tx

A

Common in DM

IV ceftizoxime, cefuroxime, dexamethasone

65
Q

Entrapment of orbital contents stimulates

A

bradycardia and emesis

66
Q

blephakeratoconjunctivitis/ blepharitis tx

A

erythro ointment, azithro drops

67
Q

4 viruses in pharyngitis

A

hand, foot, and mouth
herpangia
pharyngoconjunctival fever
mono

68
Q

complication of pharyngitis

A

retropharyngeal abscess

pharyngitis/tonsillitis cellulitis

69
Q

Dacrocystitis pathogen

A

S Aureus
Strept pneumo
haemophileus

70
Q

Dacrocystitis tx

A

Augmentin

if persists >8months or inflammation REFER!!

71
Q

Ophthalmia neonatorum causes

and tx

A

gonococcal
staph
penumococcal
CHLAMYDIAL MOST COMMON

tx: erythro of azithro PO for chlamydia
Gonorrhea: erythro or ceftriaxone IM**

72
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis pathogens

A

S pneuom
M catarrah
S aureus
haemophilus

73
Q

Viral conjunctivitis causes

A

adenovirus! WILL HAVE ENLARGED PREAURICULARLYMPH NODES

74
Q

2 things you will see with allergic conjunctivitis

A

allergic rhinitis and asthma

75
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis tx

A

antihistamines

mast cell stabilizer

76
Q

Leukocoria seen in

A

retinoblastoma

77
Q

Fever pathogens in infant less than 1 mo

A

Group B strep

E. coli

78
Q

Fever pathogens in infants 1-3 mo

A

Slept pneumo
H influence
N meningitis is

79
Q

Fever without source of infection 2 pathogens

A

H influence

Slept pneumo

80
Q

See pt immediately

A 
<3 with fever >38
Fever >40.6
Inconsolable 
Cry when touched
Difficult to arouse
Stiff neck
Purple spots
Work of breathing
Drooling 
Convulsion
Sick cell disease
Splenectomy
HIV
Chemo
Organ transplant 
Chronic steroids
Very sick
81
Q

See OT within 24 hr

A 
Child 3-6mo unless fever after 48hr of trap
Fever >40 under 3
Dysuria 
Fever for 24h without source 
Fever done then returns in >24
Fever persistent for >72
82
Q

Vision screening for 6weeks, 3 months, 6 months

A

Eye to eye, slow movements

Fixed and following at distant of 2-3ft

Movement across the room, maintain weekend one eye covered

83
Q

Visual acuity develops normal at quarry age

84
Q

Amblyopia causes 3

A

Strabismus
Refractive errors
Visual deprivation

85
Q

Suspect ______ with acquired and unilateral or asymmetric nystagmus

A

Neurological disease

86
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis

A

BILaTERaL

Sneezing and nasal congestion

White and stringy

87
Q

See what in viral conjunctivitis and not bacterial

A

Enlarged preauricular lymph nodes

88
Q

Cause in viral conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

89
Q

Preorbital cellulitis pathogens

A

Staphylococcus aureus

S pyohenss

90
Q

Can give auralgan only when

A

TN is intact for pain

91
Q

Treat child with PT and otorrhea but no systemic symptoms (pain, fever)

A

Fluoroquinolones otic ( cipro)

92
Q

OME th

A

Observe for 3 months prior to considering PT

Return at 4-week intervals

Followed 3-6 till clears

93
Q

Indications for PT

A 
Hearing loss >40
Tm retraction pockets
Ossicular erosion
Adhesive atelextasis
Cholesteaoma

In children older than 4-adenoidectomy

94
Q

With ET dysfunction, TM will be

A

Retracted and decreased mobility

568 (8 decks)

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