Unit 1 Flashcards
the Schlieffen plan
by a German general to avoid a lengthy two-front war
- send small force to Russia
- send small force to border of France
- send bulk of army through Belgium
plan was to take Paris in 42 days and then turn on Russia
TRIPLE ALLIANCE
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
TRIPLE ENTENTE
France, Britain, Russia
who was Kaiser Wilhelm 2?
German kaiser (emperor) king of Prussia (1888-1918) pushed Germany into crises that risked war outbreak
what is the “Black Hand”?
nationalist Serbians’ terrorist group
why was the Black Hand formed?
Serbs in Austria-Hungary wanted to reunite BOSNIA with the rest of Serbia
when and how did Canada go to war?
when Britain declared war on Germany on
Aug. 4, 1914
Canada was automatically at war because it was a nation of the British Empire
(also Australia, New Zealand, India and South Africa)
what COULD Canada control about their involvement?
Canadian government could control the extent of their involvement
- asked for 20 000 volunteers to create one division to send to Europe
what is shell shock?
term used during WW1 to describe the psychological trauma suffered by men serving in the war
(AKA the battle of fatigue, neurasthenia, and combat stress reaction)
what is the result of shell shock?
the impact of the horrors of the war (i.e., intensity of constant artillery shelling)
had on the men
SYMPTOMS
- ranged from panic attacks to mental and physical paralysis
when was for chlorine gas first used?
1915
by Germans at the second battle Ypres
impact of gas attacks?
respiratory distress
blindness
external blisters on skin
internal blisters in mouth, nose and throat
when were the tanks introduced?
1916
debut by Britain
(early tanks were UNRELIABLE = destroyed)
“total war” meaning?
the organization of entire societies for war in a social, economic, and even spiritual sense (nationalism and patriotism)
women in WW1
not allowed to enter combat roles
filled vacant jobs of soldiers fighting in the war
not considered ‘persons’ at the time
service jobs given to women during the war?
streetcar operator
bus driver
police forces
banks
factory jobs given to women during the war?
munition plants
aircraft factories
machine shops
metal factories
other jobs given to women during the war?
knitters
farmers
mechanics
what are “Bluebirds”?
Canadian nurses serving overseas
because of blue uniforms
in danger working so close to front lines (hospitals hit by artillery shells)
how many Canadian nurses died?
46
the “big four”
Britain
France
USA
Italy and Japan to a lesser extent
who was not initially invited for the discussion of the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Russia the Central Powers were only called upon later to RECEIVE the peace terms
when was the Paris peace conference?
1919
took a long time
would create the treaty of Versailles
what is the War Clause?
penalized Germany an severely punished them, while forcing them to accept the blame for the war.
