sources Flashcards
what are sources?
a source is anything which survives from the past or tells us about the past
primary source
something which comes form the time period you are studying (raw materials of history)
primary source examples
artifacts (coins, painting, fossils, photographs, buildings etc. )
written (diaries, letters, laws, newspapers etc. )
secondary source
a PRODUCT of the study of history
things historians make form raw materials-they are based on primary evidence
secondary source examples
books, movies, documentaries, articles etc.
suspicion that a source is unreliable
clear bias of the writer factual errors exaggerated comments inconsistent with similar sources written long time after the events it describes produced for a particular purpose
primary bias
general writing in diary may make it sound like he single-handedly won the war and his strategy was flawless
secondary bias
an american filmmaker may produce a movie about WW2 that only shows Germans as supporting Hitler and the Nazis
what year was confederation?
july 1, 1867
who was canada’s first prime minister?
John A. MacDonald
when did the provinces and territories join Canada?
1867 New Brunswick 1867 Nova Scotia 1867 Quebec 1867 Ontaria 1870 Manitoba 1870 Northwest Territories 1871 British Columbia 1873 PEI 1898 Yukon 1905 Alberta 1905 Saskatchewan 1949 Newfoundland 1999 Nunavut
William Lyon Mackenzie
one of the leaders of the rebellion in 1837 in upper Canada
general causes of confederation
- changing Britain attitudes
- the US civil war
- Trade issues
- The Railway
changing the British attitudes
by the 1860s Britain had redirected its focus involving the empire
committed to imperial greatness, emphasis shifted from military strength to trade and profit
the US civil war
1861 - 1865
Britain claimed neutrality
trade issues
Britain ended policy of providing the colonies with protective tariffs
- Great Britain wanted to increase trade around the world
treaty of reciprocity would be cancelled between US and GB tension over civil war
- independent Canada creates better trade deals with the US
the railway
bridged gap across Canada’s large geography
1900 - 1914
2 new provinces added
depression from railroad construction
high unemployment
ne wprime minister Wilfrid Laurier
who wanted to increase immigration?
Laurier ans Minister of Interior CLIFFORD SIFTON
who did they encourage to come to Canada?
Ukrainian, Polish and German farmers
how did they promote Canada?
pamphlets - great climate and soil for farming
by when did the prairie population triple?
1910
what immigrants were highly not welcomed?
asian, especially females
used head taxes, landing taxes and land restrictions to discourage them
women’s legal realities
- when married, women surrendered all property rights to husband
- not provided for in husband’s will
man could seek force on grounds of adultery, women could not
what does “new women” mean?
middle to upper class
protestant
well educated
wealthy and often employed outside of the home
what is social justice for women?
Urban poverty and injustices in the working world
organizations created by women (W.C.T.U)
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
National Council of the Women of Canada
when did the Anglo-Boer war happen?
1899
britain called empire to help
decisions Laurier had to face during the Boer war
- aid Britain and lose Quebec’s support
2. avoid joining the fight and upset pro-empire Canada
how did Laurier compromise during the Boer war?
sends volunteers, providing that Britain paid their expenses
whose support did Laurier lose during the Boer war?
Henri Bourassa, former ally and liberall MP, resigned over the war and was re-elected as independent
when did Britain launch the HMS Dreadnought?
1906
what was a dreadnought?
a new class of warship, more powerful than anything seen before made existing British ships obsolete
what was Laurier’s NAVAL SERVICE BILL OF 1910?
laurier’s compromise
created a small Canadian navy composed of 2 ships
Canadian owned but in case of an emergency it would be placed under British control
what did Canadian’s think of the “tinpot” navy?
English - thought it would be of little assistance to Britain
French - outraged at the thought of Canada helping Britain in any imperial conflict
what year did Laurier lose election and to whom?
in 1911 to Borden
when did Americans propose a trade deal? what happened?
1911
Laurier accepts and announces the reciprocal trade
people argue deal shows disloyalty to Britain
feared that cheap American goods would ruin Canada’s manufacturing growth
borden denies trade and succeeds when he beats Laurier in the 1911 election
Acronym for confederation
N(ippers) S(nip
N(ot) B(ecause) 3
Q(uiet)
O(striches)
M(ake)
N(ew) T(eeth) 1
B(ut) C(ause). 2
P(eter’s). 25
Y(outh). 7
A(lways). 44
S(aves).
N(orth) F(rances)50
N(oggin)
