Exam Review Flashcards
Wilfred Laurier
First French-Canadian Prime Minister of Canada (1896-1911)
Liberal
Clifford Sifton
Minister of Interior
Wanted to attract raw immigrants from Eastern Europe - Ukrainian, polish, and German farmers dream by promise of free land
Assimilation
the process of submerging groups or ideas into the majority cultural group or ideology; exercised by the Canadian government to pressure Aboriginal peoples to adopt British/European culture and abandon their former beliefs
push factors
reasons why people would leave their home country for a new one
pull factors
reasons why people would come to Canada
kaiser wilhelm
the leader of Germany during world war one
king george v
the leader of England during the war
conscription
was passed by our government in 1917, which forced young men to fight
gavrilo princip
member of the terrorist group The Black Hand who assinated the Archduke Ferdinand
arthur currie
led the Canadian soldiers at Vimy Ridge
robert borden
Canada’s Prime Minister during the war
tsar nicholas II
leader of Russia until the revolution in 1917
league of nations
formed after the war to try and prevent war from happening again
treaty of versailles
the treaty that ended the war in 1919
alberta 5
fought to recognize women as “persons”
prohibition
law banning the sale and consumption of alcohol
archduke franz ferdinand
Franz Ferdinand, archduke of Austria-Este, Austrian archduke whose assassination was the immediate cause of World War I
sir douglas haig
Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig commanded the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) from 1915 to 1919
sir sam hughes
Sir Sam Hughes, Canada’s Minister of Militia and Defense. was given orders to start, organize and train a Canadian contingent to support British forces
valcartier
Valcartier, Quebec was the primary training base for the First Canadian Contingent in 1914
armistice
But the war ended with an armistice, an agreement in which both sides agree to stop fighting, rather than a surrender. For both sides, an armistice was the fastest way to end the war’s misery and carnage
november 11
spanish flu epidemic
influenza “spanish flu” infected many soldiers while they were in the trenches and brought the contagious disease with them back home
arms race
a contest between rival powers to build up a superior military force; usually occurs when one nation develops a new weapon or increases the production of weapons, which neighbouring nations see as a threat
isolationism
the principle of a country avoiding participation in international affairs
N.A.T.O
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (formed in response to soviet aggression)
a military alliance to protect allied democratic countries from attack by communists or other enemy forces
N.O.R.A.D
The North American Aerospace Defense Command
as a response to the soviet nuclear threat, the NORTH AMERICAN AIR DEFENSE AGREEMENT was signed by John Diefenbaker
warsaw pact
a military alliance established to protect European communist countries from aggressive acts by rival NATO countries
iron curtain
the guarded boundary separating the European countries under soviet influence from the rest of europe
avro arrow
an expensive supersonic jet fighter (heavily reliant on government funding)
blitzkrieg
an intense military attack (“lightning war”) designed to bring about a quick and swift victory; used by germans in world war II
igor gouzenko
he was assigned to the soviet embassy in ottawa, and learned that soviet intelligence operated several spy networks to steal secrets about the atomic bomb. he informed the Canadian government, which led to alerting the whole world of the threat of soviet communism
cause of the korean war
the main cause was the division of north korea and south korea. an election was supposed to be held but it was prevented by the soviets. after US’s withdrawal from south korea, the north thought they could reunite the country by force, so they attacked
what did sam hughes do?
established, organized and trained soldiers. immediately began a massive recruitment drive and a training base in valcartier, quebec. insisted soldiers to use rifles and the MacAdam shovel as protection from enemy fire
what was the communist’s solution to depression?
to overthrow the capitalist system (thought they did not care about the community and were exploiting workers to get money)
eliminate private ownership of business and property (would create equality and no poverty)
what was the CCF’s solution to depression?
promised a policy of democratic socialism (the means of production and distribution are owned, managed or controlled by a central, democratically elected majority)
dedicated to education, organizing a democratic political party and winning power through election
what was the social credit party’s solution to depression?
solution to economic problems (put money into distribution and change the credit system in Canada)
put money in the hands of consumers who would spend it
government use its credit to print more money to allow money to flow again to prevent relief
what was the union nationale’s solution to depression?
higher minimum wages, workers’ compensation, and create provincial government-owned hydroelectricity
Paul Gouin wanted to adopt new policies to help the people of quebec (duplessis did not keep promise and did opposite)
when was the battle of Dieppe?
August 19, 1942
what happened during the dieppe raid?
the Allies launched a major raid on Dieppe on the French coastal port. Operation Jubilee was the first Canadian Army engagement in the war, designed to test the Allies’ ability to launch amphibious assaults against Adolf Hitler’s “Fortress Europe.” The raid ended poorly with over 900 Canadian soldiers killed, and thousands more wounded/taken prisoner. Despite the bloodshed, the raid provided valuable lessons for upcoming Allied amphibious assaults on Africa, Italy and Normandy.
significance of the dieppe raid?
This raid mainly acted as a test trial for the future D-Day. Even with the many lives lost, this battle helped the Allies understand how to beat the Germans. It amplified the flaws and areas needed for improvement like communication, support, pre-bombing, and weaponry. It was mainly an experiment of new methods of assault (including an attack involving both land and water). The Dieppe Raid helped D-Day drastically as they knew what to and not to do.
when was the dunkirk evacuation?
May 26-June 4, 1940
what happened during the dunkirk evacuation?
The “Miracle of Dunkirk” evacuated 338 000 troops apart of the British Expeditionary Force and other allied troops from Dunkirk to England. The B.E.F. was given more time to prepare for this evacuation, after Hitler made a crucial error on May 24. He ordered to halt the advance of German panzer divisions attack down in Dunkirk. Around 900 ships and boats were used in the evacuation varying in size.
significance of the dunkirk evacuation?
The allowing of over 300 000 French and British soldiers to escape the attack became a key moment in the Allied war effort. These troops later formed the foundation of the Allied armies that would eventually defeat the Nazis. Germany’s hopes of leading Britain out of the conflict failed and this event became a rallying cry and showed the British’s pride and perseverance.
when was operation barbarossa?
June 22, 1941
what happened during operation barbarossa?
Hitler postponed Battle of Britain to invade Russia for its huge amounts of minerals, oils and natural resources Hitler was power hungry for. He also wanted more living space for the Germans. He begins the invasion on June 22 and betrays the ‘Non-Aggression Pact’ made between Germany and Russia. Stalin was surprised by the betrayal. Blitzkrieg was successful at first but then the Russians used the “scorched earth” policy. Russian red army destroyed anything of use to the advancing armies (crops, livestock, machinery). This tactic worked against Napoleon once and they figured it would work against Hitler. Their predictions were right due to Hitler’s lack of knowledge of Napoleon’s failed attempt to capture Russia in 1812 and as a result was defeated.
significance of operation barbarossa?
This was crucial for the war since the failure forced Nazi Germany to fight a two front war against an alliance who possessed immense superior resources. His defeat also instilled confidence in the Allies since they learnt that Germany wasn’t as powerful as they seemed and could be taken down for good.
when was pearl harbour?
Dec 7, 1941
what happened during pearl harbour?
Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to support and aid Britain, Canada and its allies as he believed war was inevitable against the aggressor countries. Japan was greedy for control over all the Pacific region’s countries and lands and wanted more natural resources for their war factories’ supply. The US prevented this by stopping exports of military supplies like iron and steel. This led to the launched air raid by the Japanese whose goal was to destroy the American Naval headquarters in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This was unexpected especially with Japan’s use of the ‘blitzkrieg’. Luckily, America had 3 aircrafts at sea during the attack which became essential for a future counter attack.
significance of pearl harbour?
The attack on Pearl Harbor caused the US to join the war, as they declare war on Japan after the attack and Germany and Italy declares war on the US, a few days later. This was a turning point in the war since the most powerful country was now fighting with the Allies. WW2 officially became a “world war” and the Americans successfully prevented Japan’s take over.
when was the battle of britain?
July 10-Oct 31, 1940
what happened during the battle of britain?
This battle was the first Battle fought mainly in the air, and involved Britain’s Royal Air Force and Germany’s Luftwaffe. The 2 air forces battled for control of airspace over Great Britain, Germany and the English Channel. Britain was victorious in this Battle, solely because of their development of the radar (system that determined the distance, direction and speed of unseen objects which warned them of approaching enemy aircrafts). Hitler’s change in focus from the RAF to London played a crucial part in his loss.
significance of the battle of britain?
This was the first battle fought only in the air and also the first defeat of Hitler’s forces. It stopped Germany’s domination of the skies, which was one step in defeating Germany’s control as a whole. It was a major setback for Hitler and forced him to take an alternative approach.
mussolini
leader of the National Fascist Party, promised: Great Italian empire & to end economic hardships
hitler
Adolf Hitler: Leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSAP), Dictator of Germany
initiated world war II by invading poland
neville chamberlain
was the British prime minister as Great Britain entered World War II. He is known for his policy of “appeasement” toward Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Germany
winston churchill
British statesman, orator, and author who as prime minister (1940–45, 1951–55) rallied the British people during World War II and led his country from the brink of defeat to victory
the manhattan project
top secret weapon project in new mexico desert started 1941
the code name for the American-led effort to develop a functional atomic weapon during World War II
I.C.B.M
Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles
Land-based, nuclear-armed ballistic missile with a range of more than 3,500 miles (5,600 km)
They are the natural extension of technology developed by Nazi Germany during World War 2 and further developed by the allies post-war
united nations
founded in 1945 to maintain international peace
proxy war
occurs when a major power instigates or plays a major role in supporting and directing a party to a conflict but does only a small portion of the actual fighting itself
when was d-day?
june 6, 1944
what happened during d day?
Invasion of Europe began under American General Dwight D. Eisenhower’s command. Britains, Americans and Canadians tallied to about 156 000 forces landed along a 50 mile stretch on the coast of France’s Normandy region. Before the battle the allies planned a diversion for the Germans to mislead them about the invasion (made Germans think the invasion target was Pas-de-Calais). The Allies defeated the Germans and began the end of the world war.
significance of d day?
This battle resulted in the release of Western Europe by the Nazis control. It was the largest amphibious assault in history and required thoughtful and intricate planning. This had a major psychological impact for Hitler. It prevented the development of his Eastern front. Which would be used against the Soviets. In May 8, 1945 Nazi Germany surrendered to the Allies
fascism
is used to describe any movement or political ideology inspired by Benito Mussolini’s Italian Fascism. As a rule, Fascism is associated with dictatorship or a strict hierarchical, authoritarian structure where the state gets total control
axis powers
Germany, Japan and Italy. The Axis leaders were Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy), and Emperor Hirohito (Japan)
allied powers
Britain, France, Russia, and the United States. The Allies formed mostly as a defense against the attacks of the Axis Powers. The original members of the Allies included Great Britain, France and Poland
