Unit 1 Flashcards
Outcomes of acute inflammation x4
Resolution
Abscess formation
Fibrosis/ healing scar formation
Chronic inflammation
Adenosine
Lowers GFR by constricting afferent arterioles in superficial nephrons + mediator of the tubuloglomerular feedback. leads to vasodilation in deep cortex and medulla.
Role of Adenosine
1) Increased GFR * increases fluid flow to DCT.
2) Increased Na+ uptake into mac densa cells stim adenosine release from macula densa cells
3) Adenosine triggers VASOCONTRICTION of afferent arteriole * reducing GFR
4) Adenosine inhibits renin secretion from granular cells (JG cells).
Vit D synthesis
7 dehydrocholesterol
Cholecalciferol
Calcidiol
Calcitriol
Urate crystals synthesis
Purines
Hypoxanthine
Xanthine
Iris acid
WHO definition trad med
Traditional medicine is the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness
CAM
is a broad domain of healing resources that encompasses all health systems, modalities, and practices and their accompanying theories and beliefs, other than those intrinsic to the politically dominant health system of a particular society or culture in a given historical period. CAM includes all such practices and ideas self-defined by their users as preventing or treating illness or promoting health and well being. Boundaries within CAM and between the CAM domain and the domain of the dominant system are not always sharp or fixed.
patient centered care
Five dimensions:
Biopsychosocial perspective
‘Patient-as-person’: understanding the personal meaning of the illness for each patient
‘Doctor-as-person’: awareness of the influence of the personal qualities and subjectivity of the doctor
Sharing power and responsibility
The therapeutic alliance
identity
Identity: ‘The distinctive characteristics of a person’s character or the character of a group, which relate to who they are and what is meaningful to them
3 types jandice
Pre-Hepatic
In pre-hepatic jaundice, there is excessive red cell breakdown which overwhelms the liver’s ability to conjugate bilirubin. This causes an unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia.
Any bilirubin that manages to become conjugated will be excreted normally, yet it is the unconjugated bilirubin that remains in the blood stream to cause the jaundice.
Hepatocellular
In hepatocellular (or intrahepatic) jaundice, there is dysfunction of the liver itself. The liver loses the ability to conjugate bilirubin, but in cases where it also may become cirrhotic, it compresses the intra-hepatic portions of the biliary tree to cause a degree of obstruction.
This leads to both unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin in the blood, termed a ‘mixed’ picture.
Post-Hepatic
Post-hepatic jaundice refers to obstruction of biliary drainage. The bilirubin that is not excreted will have been conjugated by the liver, hence the result is a conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia.
Blood breakdown
heme heme oxygenase biliverdin bilverdin reductase bilirubin urobilinogen Stercobillin
Who definition impariment
Impairment refers to ‘any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function’.
Who definition disability
‘Disability’ denotes ‘any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being’.
Who definition handicap
‘Handicap’’, is the ‘disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or disability, that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal (depending on age, sex and social and cultural factors) for that individual’
chronic illness biographical disruption
This concept refers to the disruption and destabilising, questioning and reorganisation of identity after the onset of a chronic illness
Need to renegotiate the present while past might seem like a strange place and the future doubtful
what is stigma + four examples
Goffman (1968): “an attribute that is deeply discrediting”. Discrediting stigma (visible or known stigma) Discreditable stigma (differentness not immediately apparent, can be managed/hidden, can become discrediting if people find out) Felt stigma (internal or self-stigmatization) Enacted stigma (experience of unfair treatment by others)
