Unit 1

Question 1

Glycolysis is what type of reaction?

Answer 1

Catabolic

Question 2

Glycolysis creates: (3)

Answer 2

Pyruvate
ATP
NADH

Question 3

Glycolysis has ___ phases

Answer 3

2

Question 4

1st step of glycolysis

Answer 4

First priming reaction

1- catalyzed by hexikinase, takes in ATP and converts glucose into glucose 6 phosphate

This is regulatory (one direction)

Question 5

2nd step of glycolysis

Answer 5

Use phosphohexose isomerase to transfer glucose-6 phosphate to Fructose 6-phosphate

This can go in both directions

Question 6

3rd step of glycolysis:

Answer 6

AKA second priming reaction

Fructose 6-phosphate takes in ATP and phospho-fructosekinase-1 to form ADP and Fructose 1,6-biphosphate

This is regulatory (one direction)

Question 7

4th step of glycolysis

Answer 7

Cleavage of 6-carbon sugar phosphate to two 3-carbon sugar phosphates

Fructose 1,6-biphosphate takes in aldolase to generate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
This can go in both directions

Question 8

6th step of glycolysis

Answer 8

Payoff phase- oxidative conversion of glyceradehyde 3 phosphate to pyruvate and the coupled formation of ATD and NADH

Glyceradehyde 3-phosphate takes in glyceradehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase takes in 2P and 2NAD+ to produce 2NAHH+ @H+ and 1,2-biphosphoglycerate.

This is a redox reaction- undergoes oxydation and phosphorlylation, and can go in both directions

Question 9

7th step of glycolysis

Answer 9

First ATP forming reaction

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate takes in phosphogluycerate mutase and 2 ADP to create 2 ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate

This is reversible

Question 10

8th step of glycolysis

Answer 10

3-phosphoglycerate takes in phosphoglycerate to make 2-phosphoglycerate

Question 11

9th step of glycolysis

Answer 11

2-phosphoglycerate takes in enolase. Releases 2H2O. Forms phosphoenolpyruvate. This is reversible.

Question 12

10th (final) step o glycolysis

Answer 12

Second ATP-forming reaction (substrate-level phosphorylation)

Phosphoenolpyruvate takes in 2ADP and pyruvate kinase. Releases 2 ATP and forms Pyruvate

Question 13

5th step of glycolysis

Answer 13

Glyceradehyde 3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate creates more glyceradehyde 3-phosphate by taking in triode phosphate isomerase

Question 14

In phosphohexose isomerization, C1 of fructose:

Answer 14

Is easier to phosphorylation by PFK

Question 15

A(n) ________ can isomerize into a(n) ________ via an enediol intermediate

Answer 15

Aldose (glucose)

Ketoses (fructose)

Question 16

First committed step of glycolysis

Answer 16

Fructose 1,6-biphosphate is committed to become pyruvate and yield energy

Question 17

PFK-1 is a:

Answer 17

Regulatory enzyme
Regulated by ATP, Fructose-2,6-biphosphate, and other metabolites.
Will not burn glucose if there is plenty of ATP

Question 18

First ATP-forming reaction, AKA:

Answer 18

Substrate- level phosphorylation

(2) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate takes in 2ADP and phosphoglycerate kinase. 2 ATP is formed here

Question 19

In glycolysis, Glucose works to create:

Answer 19

2Pyruvate

Question 20

Requirement for all ATP required reactions

Answer 20

Magnesium

Question 21

Purpose of phosphorylation of glucose

Answer 21

Traps glucose inside the cell

Lowers intracellular glucose concentration to allow further uptake

Question 22

Purpose of phosphohexose isomerization

Answer 22

C1 of fructose is easier to phosphorylate by PFK

Allows for symmetrical cleave by aldolase

Question 23

2nd ATP requiring step of glycolysis

Answer 23

Step 3: 2nd priming phosphorylation

Question 24

In energy status of ATP is high after step 3 of glycolysis:

Answer 24

The pathway is inhibited

Question 25

1 molecule of NADH can undergo reactions to create:

Answer 25

2.5 ATP molecules

Question 26

What happens in step 8 of glycolysis?

Answer 26

Phosphoglycerate will undergo transformation, rearranges the phosphate group from C3 to C2.

Question 27

What is used in glycolysis? What is made?

Answer 27

Used: 1 glucose, 2 ATP, 2NAD+

Made: 2 Pyruvate
4 ATP
2 NADH

Question 28

Purpose of glycolysis

Answer 28

Ensure proper use of nutrients

Ensure production of ATP only when needed

Question 29

What happens to glycolysis in tumor cells?

Answer 29

It occurs at elevated rates. This is due to its sensitivity of low levels of oxygen