Fucking bitch ass final

Question 1

Universal currency of free energy in biological systems

Answer 1

ATP

Question 2

ATP hydrolysis is (EXERGONIC/ENDERGONIC)

Answer 2

EXERGONIC

Question 3

How does ATP drive metabolism?

Answer 3

By shifting the equilibrium of coupled reactions

Question 4

The high phosphoryl potential of ATP results from what?

Answer 4

Structural differences between ATP and its hydrolysis products

Question 5

Phosphoryl-transfer potential is an important form of:

Answer 5

Cellular energy transformation

Question 6

Delta G when Keq is:

> 1.0:

1.0:

<1.0:

State the direction of the reaction

Answer 6

Negative - reaction proceeds forward (to the right)

Zero- reaction is at equilibrium

Positive- Reaction proceeds in reverse (to the left)

Question 7

Ranking of standard free energies… I think this chart on slide 3 shows what compounds are more reactive?

Answer 7

Phosphoenolpyruvate

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

Creatine phosphate

ATP (to ADP)

Glucose 1-phosphate

Pyrophosphate

Glucose 6-phosphate

Glycerol 3-phosphate

Question 8

What does chemical coupling of exergonic and endergonic reactions allow?

Answer 8

Allows otherwise unfavorable reactions to be favorable

Question 9

ATP reacts directly with what in coupled reactions?

Answer 9

The metabolite that needs “activation”

Question 10

Separation of 4 negative charges on ATP in hydrolysis

Answer 10

Electrostatic repulsion

Question 11

What has greater resonance stabilization that ATP?

Answer 11

ADP and Pi

Question 12

Steps of ATP — ADP

Answer 12

1- Hydrolysis with relief of charge repulsion

2- Resonance stabilization

3- Ionization

Question 13

More water can bind to ____ and ____ than to ATP.

What does the water cause?

Answer 13

ADP and Pi

Stabilizing the ADP and Pi by hydration

Question 14

Substrate level phosphorylation fuel _____ and ________

Ex-
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + ADP ——> ?

Answer 14

Oxidation and ATP synthesis

3-phosphoglyceric acid

Question 15

Oxidative phosphorylation proton gradients and ATP syntheses steps

Answer 15

1- Gradient created oxidation of fuels pumps protons out (Carbon fuels + O2 —> CO2 + H2O)

2- Gradient used influx of protons forms ATP (ADP + Pi —-> ATP + H2O)

Question 16

NAD+ and FAD are examples of:

Answer 16

Activated electron carriers

Question 17

NAD+

What is the oxidized form?

What is the reduced form?

Answer 17

NAD+

NADH

Question 18

FAD

What is the oxidized form?

What is the reduced form?

Answer 18

FAD

FADH2

Question 19

Coenzyme A is an example of an:

Answer 19

Acyl group carrier

Question 20

Reactive group of Coenzyme A

Answer 20

SH on beta Mercaopto-ethylamine unit

Question 21

Units on Coenzyme A

Answer 21

Beta-Mercapto-ethylamine unit

And patothenate unit

Question 22

Acyl CoA and Acetyl CoA are examples of:

Answer 22

Thioesters

Question 23

Group carried in ATP

Answer 23

Phosphoryl

Question 24

NADH and NADPH-

Group carried:

Vitamin precursor:

Answer 24

Electrons

Nicotinate (niacin)

Question 25

FADH2-

Group carried:

Vitamin precursor:

Answer 25

Electrons

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

Question 26

FMNH2-

Group carried:

Vitamin precursor:

Answer 26

Electrons

Riboflavin (vitamin B2)

Question 27

Coenzyme A-

Group carried:

Vitamin precursor:

Answer 27

Acyl

Pantothenate

Question 28

Thiamine pyrophosphate-

Group carried:

Vitamin precursor:

Answer 28

Aldehyde

Thiamine (vitamin B1)

Question 29

Biotin-

Group carried:

Vitamin precursor:

Answer 29

CO2

Biotin

Question 30

Tetrahydrofolate-

Group carried:

Vitamin precursor:

Answer 30

One-carbon units

Folate