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Textiles > UNIT 1 > Flashcards

UNIT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

yarn

A

produced when a number of fibres are spun together to make a continuous lenth

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2
Q

piled yarn

A

two or more yarns are twisted together with added strength and bulk

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3
Q

examples of hair fibres

A

mohair, alpaca, llama

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4
Q

examples of bast fibres

A

linen, hemp, ramie

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5
Q

examples of regenerated fibres

A

viscose, rayon, acetate

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6
Q

examples of synthetic fibres

A

polyester, acrylic, nylon

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7
Q

examples of inorganic fibres

A

glass, metallic, carbon

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8
Q

retting

A

soften the stem and pull it apart to get the useful fibres

used for jute/hessian

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9
Q

give 3 properties of linen

A

strong, highly absorbent, non-static

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10
Q

give 3 properties of jute

A

lustrous, little elasticity, weak

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11
Q

what is jute sometimes called

A

hessian

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12
Q

give 3 properties of ramie

A

strong, coarse, absorent

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13
Q

describe the properties of hemp

A

same as linen

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14
Q

linen can retain …% of its weight in moisture

A

50%

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15
Q

properties of bast fibres

A

strong, absorbent, biodegradable

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16
Q

examples of eco-fibres

A

hemp and bamboo

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17
Q

eco-fibres

A

raw materials used to manufacture textiles without using pesticides, chemicals, or synthetic fertilisers

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18
Q

examples of aramid fibres

A

nomex and kevlar

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19
Q

what are synthetic fibres made from?

A

petrochemicals

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20
Q

three ways synthetic fibres are made

A

melt extrusion, solvent-dry extrusion, solvent-wet extrusion

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21
Q

melt extrusion

A

used for a polymer which when heated will melt and become liquid

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22
Q

solvent-dry extrusion

A

used for a polymer that would be damaged by heating, but it able to be dissolved in a solvent that evaporates

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23
Q

solvent-wet extrusion

A

used for a polymer that would be damaged by heating, and can only be dissolved in a solvent that does not evaporate

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24
Q

which aramid fibre is high strength

A

kevlar

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25
Q

which aramid fibre is heat resistant

A

nomex

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26
Q

properties of aramid fibres

A

no melting point, low flammability, strong

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27
Q

kevlar product

A

bullet protection vest

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28
Q

nomex product

A

oven gloves

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29
Q

which fibre uses the wet spinning method?

A

vicose

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30
Q

tencel

A

brand name for lyocell

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31
Q

which fibre uses the dry spinning method?

A

acetate

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32
Q

cabled yarns

A

made by twisting two or more piled yarns together

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33
Q

core yarns

A

made by covering a core filament yarn with staple fibres in a single spinning porcess

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34
Q

example of fancy yarns

A

boucle, chenille, brocade

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35
Q

what are textured yarns made from?

A

thermoplastic fibres

36
Q

air-jet texturing

A

the yarn is fed through a turbulent air stread which causes entangled loops to be formed in the filaments

37
Q

false-twist texturing

A

the yarn is heated, untwisted, and permanently set by cooling

38
Q

thread count

A

measures the coarseness or fineness of fabric, it is measured by counting the number of threads contained in one square inch of fabric

39
Q

denier

A

linear mass density of fibres per 9000m

40
Q

blend

A

spinning two or more fibres together to make a yarn

41
Q

examples of blends

A

cotton and polyester, elastane and anything, wool and nylon

42
Q

examples of basic weaves

A

plain, twill, satin

43
Q

examples of fancy weaves

A

brocade, damask, gabardine

44
Q

examples of special woven effects

A

plaids, tartan, gingham

45
Q

Ashinti strip weaving

A

made in Ghana, weave a variety of colours together

46
Q

Ikat

A

made in Indonesia

47
Q

examples of weft knitted

A

single jersey, double jersey, rib knit

48
Q

examples of warp knitted

A

tricot and velour

49
Q

advantage of warp knitted

A

does not ladder but can be unravelled row by row

50
Q

methods of creating open work

A

lace, crotchet, braid

51
Q

examples of fastenings

A

polyester buttons, plastic zip, nylon velcro

52
Q

Regenerated cellulosic

A

viscose, modal, lyocell, cupro, acetate and

triacetate, rubber, alginate,

53
Q

name some microfibres

A

elastane and tencel

54
Q

what tests would be done to the materials?

A

tensile strength, seam strength, burst strength, tear strength, crease resistance, flammability

55
Q

why are fabrics bleached before colour is added?

A

to make them evenly white

56
Q

commercial names for wool

A

optima and sportwool

57
Q

optima

A

wool fibre which has been stretched and reset so is superfine and soft used for suits

58
Q

sportwool

A

mix of merino wool and polyester

used in sports clothing for cyclists etc and firefighters base layer

59
Q

difference between worsted and woollen

A

worsted is woven, woollen is knitted

60
Q

Elastomeric

A

Stretch and return back to natural shape eg Lycra and rubber

61
Q

Fluorofibres

A

Teflon and goretex

62
Q

Polyamide

A

Nylon

63
Q

Polyacrylic

A

Acrylic

64
Q

Chlorofibres

A

Polyvinyl (PVC)

65
Q

Polyolefines

A

Polyethylene and polypropylene

Used for vegetable bags

66
Q

End use of nomex

A

Oven gloves

67
Q

End use of Kevlar

A

Bullet proof vest

68
Q

Regenerated fibres

A

Made from wood pulp (cellulose)

They are partly natural and partly synthetic as a chemical is needed it extract the fibres

69
Q

Pollution from making viscose fibres

A

Uses wet spinning method

By products of carbon disulphides and others which has polluting effects causing factories to close

70
Q

Modal is a type of…

A

Rayon

71
Q

Tencel is a brand name for…

A

Lyocell

72
Q

Cupro

A

A regenerated cellulosic fibre made from cotton linter

73
Q

Describe knitted fabric construction

A

One set of yarn which is worked either horizontally or vertically (not both)

74
Q

Describe warp knitted construction

A

One set of yarn for each wale, each yarn only travels vertically

75
Q

Products made from warp knitting

A

Net and lace curtain fabrics and fabrics that imitate crochet

76
Q

How is weft knitting produced?

A

By hand, on a domestic knitting machine, or industrially

77
Q

Describe weft knitted construction

A

One yarn travels the width of the fabric

78
Q

Advantages of weft knitted fabrics

A

Drapes softly and takes the shape of the body
Doesn’t crease easily
Good insulator in still air but in wind the air can go through the holes

79
Q

Disadvantages of weft knitting

A

Easily distorted when washed

Ladders easily when snagged

80
Q

Advantages of warp knitting

A

Doesn’t ladder but can be unravelled row by row
Greater scope for the production of a variety of fabrics
Cheaper method of production
Faster than weft knitting

81
Q

3D knitting

A

Nike flyknit

A seamlessly knitted running shoe

82
Q

Types of weft knit

A 
Single jersey
Double jersey
Rib knit
Hand knit
Machine knit
83
Q

Types of warp knit

A

Tricot

Velour

84
Q

Ashanti strip weaving

A

Kente cloth made in Ghana used for special occasions and uses bright colours and geometric shapes

85
Q

How is Ashanti strip weaving made

A

Double weave

86
Q

What are the cultural weaves I need to know

A

Ashanti strip weaving
South American blackstrap weaving loom
Ikat

Textiles (3 decks)

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