UNIT 1 Flashcards
yarn
produced when a number of fibres are spun together to make a continuous lenth
piled yarn
two or more yarns are twisted together with added strength and bulk
examples of hair fibres
mohair, alpaca, llama
examples of bast fibres
linen, hemp, ramie
examples of regenerated fibres
viscose, rayon, acetate
examples of synthetic fibres
polyester, acrylic, nylon
examples of inorganic fibres
glass, metallic, carbon
retting
soften the stem and pull it apart to get the useful fibres
used for jute/hessian
give 3 properties of linen
strong, highly absorbent, non-static
give 3 properties of jute
lustrous, little elasticity, weak
what is jute sometimes called
hessian
give 3 properties of ramie
strong, coarse, absorent
describe the properties of hemp
same as linen
linen can retain …% of its weight in moisture
50%
properties of bast fibres
strong, absorbent, biodegradable
examples of eco-fibres
hemp and bamboo
eco-fibres
raw materials used to manufacture textiles without using pesticides, chemicals, or synthetic fertilisers
examples of aramid fibres
nomex and kevlar
what are synthetic fibres made from?
petrochemicals
three ways synthetic fibres are made
melt extrusion, solvent-dry extrusion, solvent-wet extrusion
melt extrusion
used for a polymer which when heated will melt and become liquid
solvent-dry extrusion
used for a polymer that would be damaged by heating, but it able to be dissolved in a solvent that evaporates
solvent-wet extrusion
used for a polymer that would be damaged by heating, and can only be dissolved in a solvent that does not evaporate
which aramid fibre is high strength
kevlar
which aramid fibre is heat resistant
nomex
properties of aramid fibres
no melting point, low flammability, strong
kevlar product
bullet protection vest
nomex product
oven gloves
which fibre uses the wet spinning method?
vicose
tencel
brand name for lyocell
which fibre uses the dry spinning method?
acetate
cabled yarns
made by twisting two or more piled yarns together
core yarns
made by covering a core filament yarn with staple fibres in a single spinning porcess
example of fancy yarns
boucle, chenille, brocade
what are textured yarns made from?
thermoplastic fibres
air-jet texturing
the yarn is fed through a turbulent air stread which causes entangled loops to be formed in the filaments
false-twist texturing
the yarn is heated, untwisted, and permanently set by cooling
thread count
measures the coarseness or fineness of fabric, it is measured by counting the number of threads contained in one square inch of fabric
denier
linear mass density of fibres per 9000m
blend
spinning two or more fibres together to make a yarn
examples of blends
cotton and polyester, elastane and anything, wool and nylon
examples of basic weaves
plain, twill, satin
examples of fancy weaves
brocade, damask, gabardine
examples of special woven effects
plaids, tartan, gingham
Ashinti strip weaving
made in Ghana, weave a variety of colours together
Ikat
made in Indonesia
examples of weft knitted
single jersey, double jersey, rib knit
examples of warp knitted
tricot and velour
advantage of warp knitted
does not ladder but can be unravelled row by row
methods of creating open work
lace, crotchet, braid
examples of fastenings
polyester buttons, plastic zip, nylon velcro
Regenerated cellulosic
viscose, modal, lyocell, cupro, acetate and
triacetate, rubber, alginate,
name some microfibres
elastane and tencel
what tests would be done to the materials?
tensile strength, seam strength, burst strength, tear strength, crease resistance, flammability
why are fabrics bleached before colour is added?
to make them evenly white
commercial names for wool
optima and sportwool
optima
wool fibre which has been stretched and reset so is superfine and soft used for suits
sportwool
mix of merino wool and polyester
used in sports clothing for cyclists etc and firefighters base layer
difference between worsted and woollen
worsted is woven, woollen is knitted
Elastomeric
Stretch and return back to natural shape eg Lycra and rubber
Fluorofibres
Teflon and goretex
Polyamide
Nylon
Polyacrylic
Acrylic
Chlorofibres
Polyvinyl (PVC)
Polyolefines
Polyethylene and polypropylene
Used for vegetable bags
End use of nomex
Oven gloves
End use of Kevlar
Bullet proof vest
Regenerated fibres
Made from wood pulp (cellulose)
They are partly natural and partly synthetic as a chemical is needed it extract the fibres
Pollution from making viscose fibres
Uses wet spinning method
By products of carbon disulphides and others which has polluting effects causing factories to close
Modal is a type of…
Rayon
Tencel is a brand name for…
Lyocell
Cupro
A regenerated cellulosic fibre made from cotton linter
Describe knitted fabric construction
One set of yarn which is worked either horizontally or vertically (not both)
Describe warp knitted construction
One set of yarn for each wale, each yarn only travels vertically
Products made from warp knitting
Net and lace curtain fabrics and fabrics that imitate crochet
How is weft knitting produced?
By hand, on a domestic knitting machine, or industrially
Describe weft knitted construction
One yarn travels the width of the fabric
Advantages of weft knitted fabrics
Drapes softly and takes the shape of the body
Doesn’t crease easily
Good insulator in still air but in wind the air can go through the holes
Disadvantages of weft knitting
Easily distorted when washed
Ladders easily when snagged
Advantages of warp knitting
Doesn’t ladder but can be unravelled row by row
Greater scope for the production of a variety of fabrics
Cheaper method of production
Faster than weft knitting
3D knitting
Nike flyknit
A seamlessly knitted running shoe
Types of weft knit
Single jersey Double jersey Rib knit Hand knit Machine knit
Types of warp knit
Tricot
Velour
Ashanti strip weaving
Kente cloth made in Ghana used for special occasions and uses bright colours and geometric shapes
How is Ashanti strip weaving made
Double weave
What are the cultural weaves I need to know
Ashanti strip weaving
South American blackstrap weaving loom
Ikat
