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Human Growth > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 developmental processes? (growth process)

A

socio-emotional, cognitive, and biological

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2
Q

What is the biological developmental process?

A

the changes in an indv’ls physical nature, ie. genes from parents, brain development, etc.

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3
Q

What is the cognitive developmental process?

A

refers to changes in the idv’ls thought, intelligence and language

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4
Q

What is the socio-emotional development process?

A

involves changes in the idv’ls relt’ps w/other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality, ie. an infants smile, boys fighting, etc.

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5
Q

True or False:

the 3 developmental processes play a role in the development periods/stages of the human life span.

A

True

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6
Q

What are the 8 periods of development?

A
  1. Prenatal Period (conception to birth)
  2. Infancy (birth-18/24 mths)
  3. Early Childhood (2-5)
  4. Middle/Late Childhood (6-11)
  5. Adolescence (10-21)
  6. Early Adulthood (20s-30s)
  7. Middle Adulthood (40-60)
  8. Late Adulthood (60-70-death)
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7
Q

What period of development did Baltes and Smith analyze? What did they do?

A

Baltes and Smith classified late adulthood into subgroups : young old and oldest old.

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8
Q

What is the difference between young old and oldest old? (Baltes and Smith)

A

young old: cognitive capabilities, physical and mental fitness
oldest old: drop in cognitive capabilities, increase in stress, reached their limits

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9
Q

What are the 4 research method and challenges?

A
  1. observation
  2. natural observation
  3. correlational studies
  4. time-span of research
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10
Q

What is the difference between observation research and natural observation research?

A

observation is usually conducted in a lab, it’s systematic and structured and requires a set of skills. Natural observation is conducted outside of a lab in a real world setting, no manipulation of situation.

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11
Q

what are some negatives of regular observation research?

A

because it’s in a lab, participants act differently knowing the situation they’re in, they may also feel intimidated and act unnaturally.

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12
Q

What is correlational studies?

A

the goal is to see the strength of a relt’p b/t two or more events. ie. if permissive parents children are more likely to rebel.

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13
Q 
True or False:
the 3 time-span research approaches are:
1. cross section approach
2. short-term approach
3. sequential approach
A

Fale:

  1. cross-section
  2. longitudinal
  3. sequential
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14
Q

What are the differences b/t the 3 time-span approaches?

A

cross section approach: study of idv’ls of different ages one at a time.

longitudinal: study of the same indv’ls over a period of time
sequential: a blend of both cross and longitudinal approaches

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15
Q

What does the psychoanalytic approach entail?

A

The psychoanalytic approach entails that we must analyze the deeper inner workings of the mind, and symbolic meanings of behaviour to understand development.

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16
Q

What 3 parts of our unconscious did Freud establish?

A

ID: desires, wants, satisfaction

ego: moderator, deals w/reality
superego: morality

17
Q

Freud’s two part of the mind are…

A

conscious (latent) and unconscious (manifest)

18
Q

What do psychoanalysts believe about an indv’ls past?

A

the unconscious harbours are unwanted past. we repress these memories but they can occasionally arise in times of anxiety. these memories play a big role in the way we function.

19
Q

True or False:

Erik Erikson believed in Freud’s sexual aspect of psychoanalytics

A

False

20
Q

Do parents raise their children based on culture or personal characteristics?

A

researchers found that parents raise their children based more on the values of their culture

21
Q

What is the difference b/t children being raised in western culture and eastern culture?

A

western culture believes children should think independently. eastern culture believes children should be raised to fit into groups and comply with others.

22
Q

What did Keller find when researching how children are raised in eastern culture?

A

Keller found that Japanese and Chinese children are raised to think that their actions not only affect themselves but their families as well. (social harmony)

23
Q

What conflict has risen from immigration in terms of socio-cultural development?

A

B/c of immigration, different cultures have come in contact with each other. Some children may come in contact w/conflict when they wish to change their cultural upbringing to rep. their new country’s culture.

24
Q

What are Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development?

A
  1. sensorimotor (birth-2): understanding the world w/symbols
  2. pre-operational stage (2-7): rep. the world w/words, images, drawings
  3. concrete operational stage (7-11): reason logically
  4. the former operational stage (11-adulthood): abstract, logical, idealistic thinking
25
Q

What did Piaget say are the 2 ways we construct the world?

A
  1. Organization: organize our experience to make sense of the world
  2. Adaptation: adapt our thinking to include new ideas (assimilation)
26
Q

What two categories did Piaget divide moral reasoning into?

A
  1. heteronomous: (4-7) justice and rules are unchangeable

2. autonomous: (>10) child become aware that rules and laws are created by people and change

27
Q

Fill in the blanks:

The process of reinforcement, (blank) and imitation can explain the development of (blank) (blank)

A
  • punishment
  • moral
  • behaviour
28
Q

Moral behaviour greatly depends on …
A)someone’s stage in life
B)the situation

A

B)

29
Q

Define conscience

A

An eternal regulation of standards of rights and wrongs that involve an integration of 3 components of moral development

30
Q

What are the 3 components of conscience

A

1) thought
2) feeling
3) behaviour

31
Q

What 3 perspectives are Kohlberg’s moral development

A

1) Pre conventional - stage 1&2
2) conventional- stage 3&4
3) post conventional- stage 5&6

32
Q

Why did Elliot Turiel disagree with Kohlberg’s moral development theory

A

Turiel disagreed with Kohlberg’s theory that morality and convention are part of a single system

33
Q

What were Carol Gillian’s theory on morality

A

Gilligan thought that Kohlberg’s theories were biased against women and only dealt with justice and rights rather than morality of care

Human Growth (3 decks)

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