Unit 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 developmental processes? (growth process)
socio-emotional, cognitive, and biological
What is the biological developmental process?
the changes in an indv’ls physical nature, ie. genes from parents, brain development, etc.
What is the cognitive developmental process?
refers to changes in the idv’ls thought, intelligence and language
What is the socio-emotional development process?
involves changes in the idv’ls relt’ps w/other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality, ie. an infants smile, boys fighting, etc.
True or False:
the 3 developmental processes play a role in the development periods/stages of the human life span.
True
What are the 8 periods of development?
- Prenatal Period (conception to birth)
- Infancy (birth-18/24 mths)
- Early Childhood (2-5)
- Middle/Late Childhood (6-11)
- Adolescence (10-21)
- Early Adulthood (20s-30s)
- Middle Adulthood (40-60)
- Late Adulthood (60-70-death)
What period of development did Baltes and Smith analyze? What did they do?
Baltes and Smith classified late adulthood into subgroups : young old and oldest old.
What is the difference between young old and oldest old? (Baltes and Smith)
young old: cognitive capabilities, physical and mental fitness
oldest old: drop in cognitive capabilities, increase in stress, reached their limits
What are the 4 research method and challenges?
- observation
- natural observation
- correlational studies
- time-span of research
What is the difference between observation research and natural observation research?
observation is usually conducted in a lab, it’s systematic and structured and requires a set of skills. Natural observation is conducted outside of a lab in a real world setting, no manipulation of situation.
what are some negatives of regular observation research?
because it’s in a lab, participants act differently knowing the situation they’re in, they may also feel intimidated and act unnaturally.
What is correlational studies?
the goal is to see the strength of a relt’p b/t two or more events. ie. if permissive parents children are more likely to rebel.
True or False: the 3 time-span research approaches are: 1. cross section approach 2. short-term approach 3. sequential approach
Fale:
- cross-section
- longitudinal
- sequential
What are the differences b/t the 3 time-span approaches?
cross section approach: study of idv’ls of different ages one at a time.
longitudinal: study of the same indv’ls over a period of time
sequential: a blend of both cross and longitudinal approaches
What does the psychoanalytic approach entail?
The psychoanalytic approach entails that we must analyze the deeper inner workings of the mind, and symbolic meanings of behaviour to understand development.
What 3 parts of our unconscious did Freud establish?
ID: desires, wants, satisfaction
ego: moderator, deals w/reality
superego: morality
Freud’s two part of the mind are…
conscious (latent) and unconscious (manifest)
What do psychoanalysts believe about an indv’ls past?
the unconscious harbours are unwanted past. we repress these memories but they can occasionally arise in times of anxiety. these memories play a big role in the way we function.
True or False:
Erik Erikson believed in Freud’s sexual aspect of psychoanalytics
False
Do parents raise their children based on culture or personal characteristics?
researchers found that parents raise their children based more on the values of their culture
What is the difference b/t children being raised in western culture and eastern culture?
western culture believes children should think independently. eastern culture believes children should be raised to fit into groups and comply with others.
What did Keller find when researching how children are raised in eastern culture?
Keller found that Japanese and Chinese children are raised to think that their actions not only affect themselves but their families as well. (social harmony)
What conflict has risen from immigration in terms of socio-cultural development?
B/c of immigration, different cultures have come in contact with each other. Some children may come in contact w/conflict when they wish to change their cultural upbringing to rep. their new country’s culture.
What are Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development?
- sensorimotor (birth-2): understanding the world w/symbols
- pre-operational stage (2-7): rep. the world w/words, images, drawings
- concrete operational stage (7-11): reason logically
- the former operational stage (11-adulthood): abstract, logical, idealistic thinking
What did Piaget say are the 2 ways we construct the world?
- Organization: organize our experience to make sense of the world
- Adaptation: adapt our thinking to include new ideas (assimilation)
What two categories did Piaget divide moral reasoning into?
- heteronomous: (4-7) justice and rules are unchangeable
2. autonomous: (>10) child become aware that rules and laws are created by people and change
Fill in the blanks:
The process of reinforcement, (blank) and imitation can explain the development of (blank) (blank)
- punishment
- moral
- behaviour
Moral behaviour greatly depends on …
A)someone’s stage in life
B)the situation
B)
Define conscience
An eternal regulation of standards of rights and wrongs that involve an integration of 3 components of moral development
What are the 3 components of conscience
1) thought
2) feeling
3) behaviour
What 3 perspectives are Kohlberg’s moral development
1) Pre conventional - stage 1&2
2) conventional- stage 3&4
3) post conventional- stage 5&6
Why did Elliot Turiel disagree with Kohlberg’s moral development theory
Turiel disagreed with Kohlberg’s theory that morality and convention are part of a single system
What were Carol Gillian’s theory on morality
Gilligan thought that Kohlberg’s theories were biased against women and only dealt with justice and rights rather than morality of care
