Unit 1 Flashcards
what are the three aspects of puritan influence that continue today?
- emphasis on the work ethic
- goal centered
- subservience of pleasure to duty
what was the first English settlement?
Jamestown, Virginia
What were the two things that sustained the pilgrims through hardships?
- their will to succeed
- confidence in God’s providence
what was the main motive for migration?
religion
what were some other motives for migration?
- adventure
- to help England challenge Spain’s claim to North America
- to gain personal independence and wealth
What were the secular reasons for migration?
- the American dream
- hundreds of people sold themselves into bondage to pay their way to the colonies
who were the two leading figures of the great awakening?
Johnathan Edwards and George Whitefield
Why was puritanism declining?
- secular values were replacing religious ones
- spiritual fever had declined
- material prosperity brought worldly interest and goals
what did deism maintain?
the solution to mans problems lies in human reason rather than the supernatural revelation of the bible.
What do deist believe?
God created the world, but he does not interfere with it. They believe in a after life where good will be rewarded and evil actions will be punished. They believe man is not flawed or fallen, but can pleases God in good works.
How do deist describe God?
- the great first cause
- clock winder
what influenced the constitution?
the separatist theory of government
Why did we have to abandon English literature?
we had to build American literature
What did 18th century writings present?
a secular view of life
What spoke after the revolutionary war?
American voice
What was made for instruction?
American literature
What did modern critics do to puritan writings?
unjustly criticized it as lacking artsy
What was John Smith’s famous work?
a general history
What was unexpected when Smith was captured?
the Indians offered friendship and provisions
What is the reoccurring theme of 17th century literature?
God provides the needs of his people
According to Smith, what are the most important things to least important things?
- God
- King
- Country
- Themselves
According to Smith, what is the primary motivation to convert the Indians?
religion rather than honor or prosperity
What was John Smith?
an adventurist
What was William Byrd II?
a 18th century aristocrat
What was William Byrd II associated with?
the colony of Virginia
What does Byrd translate?
homer and the bible
What was Byrd completely honest about?
- quarrels - sleeping in church
- temper - neglect of prayer
- lustful thoughts
- gambling losses
What was Byrd’s observation?
the boundary between Virginia and North Carolina
Why did William Bradford begin to write “Out of Plymouth Plantation”?
because he feared the Massachusetts bay colony would overshadow the Plymouth colony
What was Bradford’s attitude of the man getting thrown overboard?
respectful of God’s providential care
What was the biblical allusion to Moses viewing the promise land?
the emphasize that the pilgrims, unlike Moses, they had no certain hope that the land offered plenty
What did John Winthrop’s journal focus on?
God’s providential care for the colonist
What was the primary focus of the laws of the Massachusetts bay colony?
Leviticus
What did Cotton Mather compare Winthrop to?
the character of nehmiah
What does Winthrop’s journal focus on?
the Massachusetts bay colonies religious policies as they affected political and social matters
What were the implication of civil and federal liberty?
- goods and risked
- same liberty as Christ
- legit authority
What do animals and humans have?
natural liberty
What was letters of Boston?
letters to Winthrop’s wife about sea travel
What does Mary Rowlandson’s account represent?
- the attitude of the colonist toward Indians
- the colonist reliance of the bible on difficult times
- the dangers of colonial life
When did Mary’s captivity take place?
during King Philip’s war
What is Samuel Sewall referred to?
first Yankee
What does Sewall’s diary include?
his public and private life, as well as what he did and thought
How does Sewall end his diary entry?
reflecting on heaven and a house not made with his hands
What is phenomena?
a pamphlet on the meaning of revelation
