Unit 1

Question 1

Creoles

Answer 1

A descendant of Spanish or other European Settler in the Caribbean or central South America

Question 2

Native Americans

Answer 2

People living in a region before settlers arrive

Question 3

Mulattos

Answer 3

A person born of one white and one black parent

Question 4

Mestizos

Answer 4

A man of mixed race

Question 5

Social Hierarchy

Answer 5

Socio-economic status within people

Question 6

Reign of Terror

Answer 6

A period of remorseless bloodshed in France. People were being killed for the smallest infractions against the revolutionary ideas and government powers

Question 7

Robespierre

Answer 7

Defended the poor and took control of public safety committee, started reign of terror

Question 8

Committee of Public Safety

Answer 8

Protected the newly established republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion

Question 9

“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

Answer 9

Slogan adopted by revolutionary leaders

Question 10

Emigres

Answer 10

Nobles who had fled France. They wanted to return to the old regime

Question 11

Deceleration of the Right of Man

Answer 11

Statement of revolutionary ideas.
“Men are born Free and equal in rights”
“Liberty, equality, Fraternity”

Question 12

Bastille

Answer 12

Largest fortress in Paris that was raided for guns and ammo

Question 13

National Assembly

Answer 13

The elected legislature in France during the first part of the French Revolution
1789-1791

Question 14

Adam Smith

Answer 14

Laid the foundations of classical free market economic theory

Question 15

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 15

Argues that women are not naturally inferior to men, but appear to be only because they lack education

Question 16

Intendants

Answer 16

A title given to a high ranking official

Question 17

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Answer 17

Wants people to sacrifice their natural freedoms so they can gain security and protection

Question 18

Louis the 14th (XIV)

Answer 18

King of France who abused his power

Question 19

Voltaire

Answer 19

Known for his attack on the Catholic Church and his advocacy of freedom of religion and freedom of speech

Question 20

Natural Rights

Answer 20

Rights that cannot be restrained by human laws

Question 21

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 21

Government supported by its people

Question 22

Peninsulars

Answer 22

A Spanish born Spaniard residing in the new world

Question 23

Social Contract

Answer 23

Agreement among the members of Society to cooperate for social benefits

Question 24

John Locke

Answer 24

Father of liberalism

Origin of freedom conceptions of identity and self

Question 25

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 25

Developed fundamentals of European liberal thought such as the right of the individual and natural equality for all men

Question 26

Philosophes

Answer 26

A group of people who brought new ideas to people

Question 27

Enlightenment

Answer 27

The revolution for individualism and emphasizing reason

Question 28

Huguenots

Answer 28

French protestants

Question 29

Divine Right

Answer 29

Right to rule from the will of God

Question 30

Versailles

Answer 30

Castle and home of Louis the 14th (XIV)

Question 31

Absolute Monarch

Answer 31

A king or Queen who has complete power over the people

Question 32

Constitution of 1791

Answer 32

Limited monarchy that established legislative assembly

Question 33

Old Regime

Answer 33

The original system that France followed which included the 3 estates

Question 34

Three Estates

Answer 34

First estate: clergy Second estate: nobility Third estate: common people

Question 35

Louis the 16th (XVI)

Answer 35

Married to Marie Antoinette, he ruled poorly and thus sparked more interest in the revolution

Question 36

Estates General

Answer 36

First estate: made up of members of clergy, who owned 10% of land Second estate: made up of rich nobles, who paid almost no taxes Third estate: made up of middle class, city workers, and servants who paid almost all of the taxes and had almost no political power

Question 37

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

Answer 37

a law passed on 12 July 1790 during the French Revolution, that decreased the power of the Roman Catholic Church in France compared to the French government.

Question 38

Augustin de Iturbide

Answer 38

creole governor that declared independence from Spain in 1821, declared himself emperor of Mexico for a short time after until a republic was formed by creole elites

Question 39

Father Hidalgo

Answer 39

priest that led a peasant rebellion against Spanish rule, was executed by conservative creoles

Question 40

Gran Columbia

Answer 40

Venezuela, Peru and Bolivia formed a republic shortly after gaining independence, disintegrated after a few years due to regional differences, etc.

Question 41

Jose De San Martin

Answer 41

creole leader that worked with Bolivar from Argentina

Question 42

Simon Bolivar

Answer 42

creole elite inspired by Enlightenment ideals of popular sovereignty, defeated the Spanish in many parts of South America