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Modern World > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Creoles

A

A descendant of Spanish or other European Settler in the Caribbean or central South America

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2
Q

Native Americans

A

People living in a region before settlers arrive

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3
Q

Mulattos

A

A person born of one white and one black parent

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4
Q

Mestizos

A

A man of mixed race

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5
Q

Social Hierarchy

A

Socio-economic status within people

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6
Q

Reign of Terror

A

A period of remorseless bloodshed in France. People were being killed for the smallest infractions against the revolutionary ideas and government powers

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7
Q

Robespierre

A

Defended the poor and took control of public safety committee, started reign of terror

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8
Q

Committee of Public Safety

A

Protected the newly established republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion

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9
Q

“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

A

Slogan adopted by revolutionary leaders

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10
Q

Emigres

A

Nobles who had fled France. They wanted to return to the old regime

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11
Q

Deceleration of the Right of Man

A

Statement of revolutionary ideas.
“Men are born Free and equal in rights”
“Liberty, equality, Fraternity”

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12
Q

Bastille

A

Largest fortress in Paris that was raided for guns and ammo

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13
Q

National Assembly

A

The elected legislature in France during the first part of the French Revolution
1789-1791

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14
Q

Adam Smith

A

Laid the foundations of classical free market economic theory

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15
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft

A

Argues that women are not naturally inferior to men, but appear to be only because they lack education

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16
Q

Intendants

A

A title given to a high ranking official

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17
Q

Jean Jacques Rousseau

A

Wants people to sacrifice their natural freedoms so they can gain security and protection

18
Q

Louis the 14th (XIV)

A

King of France who abused his power

19
Q

Voltaire

A

Known for his attack on the Catholic Church and his advocacy of freedom of religion and freedom of speech

20
Q

Natural Rights

A

Rights that cannot be restrained by human laws

21
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

Government supported by its people

22
Q

Peninsulars

A

A Spanish born Spaniard residing in the new world

23
Q

Social Contract

A

Agreement among the members of Society to cooperate for social benefits

24
Q

John Locke

A

Father of liberalism

Origin of freedom conceptions of identity and self

25
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Developed fundamentals of European liberal thought such as the right of the individual and natural equality for all men

26
Q

Philosophes

A

A group of people who brought new ideas to people

27
Q

Enlightenment

A

The revolution for individualism and emphasizing reason

28
Q

Huguenots

A

French protestants

29
Q

Divine Right

A

Right to rule from the will of God

30
Q

Versailles

A

Castle and home of Louis the 14th (XIV)

31
Q

Absolute Monarch

A

A king or Queen who has complete power over the people

32
Q

Constitution of 1791

A

Limited monarchy that established legislative assembly

33
Q

Old Regime

A

The original system that France followed which included the 3 estates

34
Q

Three Estates

A

First estate: clergy
Second estate: nobility
Third estate: common people

35
Q

Louis the 16th (XVI)

A

Married to Marie Antoinette, he ruled poorly and thus sparked more interest in the revolution

36
Q

Estates General

A

First estate: made up of members of clergy, who owned 10% of land
Second estate: made up of rich nobles, who paid almost no taxes
Third estate: made up of middle class, city workers, and servants who paid almost all of the taxes and had almost no political power

37
Q

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A

a law passed on 12 July 1790 during the French Revolution, that decreased the power of the Roman Catholic Church in France compared to the French government.

38
Q

Augustin de Iturbide

A

creole governor that declared independence from Spain in 1821, declared himself emperor of Mexico for a short time after until a republic was formed by creole elites

39
Q

Father Hidalgo

A

priest that led a peasant rebellion against Spanish rule, was executed by conservative creoles

40
Q

Gran Columbia

A

Venezuela, Peru and Bolivia formed a republic shortly after gaining independence, disintegrated after a few years due to regional differences, etc.

41
Q

Jose De San Martin

A

creole leader that worked with Bolivar from Argentina

42
Q

Simon Bolivar

A

creole elite inspired by Enlightenment ideals of popular sovereignty, defeated the Spanish in many parts of South America

Modern World (3 decks)

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