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BMS 23500 Pharmacology for VT I > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacology

A

study of how drugs behave in body

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2
Q

Four rules to live by

A

All drugs are poisons
No drug is a silver bullet
All doses are guesses
Complacency kills

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3
Q

T or F: all drug dosages used in veterinary medicine are based on controlled scientific trials and medical evidence specific to veterinary patients.

A

False

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4
Q

chemical name

A

describes the chemical composition or molecular structure of a drug; used by chemists and pharmacologists

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5
Q

non-proprietary name (generic name)

A

a more concise name given to the specific chemical compound (e.g. aspirin). Also listed as active ingredients on drug labels.

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6
Q

proprietary name, trade name, brand name

A

unique name a manufacturer gives its particular brand of a drug. This name is owned specifically by one particular drug company & is trademarked or copyrighted by that drug company.

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7
Q

generic equivalent drugs

A

drugs marketed by companies other than the original “brand” developer

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8
Q

bioequivalence

A

defined by FDA as meaning that an equivalent amount of generic drug is absorbed and delivered to the target site within the body as compared to the original brand or parent drug

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9
Q

extract

A

a therapeutic agent composed of specially prepared plant or animal parts rather than synthesized chemicals in a laboratory

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10
Q

over-the-counter (OTC)

A

drugs that do not require a prescription and can be obtained by anyone without a doctor’s order

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11
Q

legend drugs

A

limited to dispensing by or upon the order of a licensed prescriber (veterinarian or physician)

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12
Q

veterinarian-client-patient-relationship VCPR

A

a veterinarian has examined or has adequate medical knowledge of the patient and has agreed to assume responsibility for veterinary care of the patient; the legal term for the arrangement for treatment that exists between a veterinarian, an animal owner, and the animal.

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13
Q

clinical pharmacology

A

the application of pharmacology to specific treatments

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14
Q

active ingredient

A

the component of the drug’s composition that performs the beneficial effect. Same as generic name.

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15
Q

FDA, Food and Drug Administration

A

governmental regulatory agency in the US that controls drug approval

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16
Q

dosage form

A

description of the physical appearance of the drug

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17
Q

tablet

A

solid dosage form created by compressing powdered active ingredients and other inert ingredients together to form disk-shaped dosage forms

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18
Q

excipient

A

inert ingredients in a solid dosage form that may include binders, disintegrants, diluents, or flavoring/coloring agents

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19
Q

caplet

A

solid dosage form made from compressed powdered drug but in an oblong shape for easier swallowing

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20
Q

molded tablet (chewable tablet)

A

powdered drug incorporated with lactose or other sugars and made into a dosage form that is chewable

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21
Q

enteric coating

A

tablet covering that prevents a tablet from dissolving in the acidic environment of the stomach

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22
Q

sustained-release drug

A

solid dosage forms in which the dissolving is prolonged to allow for a more gradual release of active ingredient over a longer period of time

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23
Q

gel cap, capsule

A

powdered drug surrounded by a capsule of gelatin, modified starch, or cellulose

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24
Q

lozenge, troche

A

dosage form wherein the drug is incorporated into a hard candy-like tablet and is meant to be held in the mouth until dissolved

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25
Q

suppository

A

dosage form administered by being placed in the rectum

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26
Q

medium

A

liquid into which a drug is suspended or dissolved

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27
Q

suspension

A

dosage form in which the drug is floating, undissolved in the liquid

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28
Q

solution

A

liquid dosage form in which the drug has been dissolved

29
Q

aqueous solution

A

type of drug solution in which the medium is water

30
Q

syrup

A

liquid dosage in which the medium is a sugar solution

31
Q

xyiltol

A

artificial sweetener sometimes included in sugar-free syrups but should never be given to dogs

32
Q

tincture, elixir

A

alcohol-based solutions used for oral or topical application

33
Q

insoluble

A

drug is unable to be dissolved in the liquid medium

34
Q

emulsion

A

type of suspension formed from two liquids that do not readily mix

35
Q

liniment

A

topically applied liquid dosage form that is rubbed into the skin to produce its beneficial effect

36
Q

ointment, cream

A

semi-solid dosage form that liquifies at body temperature

37
Q

paste

A

semi-solid dosage form that retains its shape at body temperature

38
Q

ampule

A

injectable dosage form contained within a small glass vial that is opened by snapping the vial apart at the narrow neck of the vial

39
Q

repository or depot

A

injectable dosage form that is formulated to be absorbed over a prolonged period of time

40
Q

implant

A

special injectable dosage form that is solid, but is injected under the skin and releases medication over weeks to months

41
Q

label information

A

term that describes the manufacturer’s drug information either inserted into each drug container or attached to drug bottle

42
Q

drug insert

A

information on any drug that describes the specific use and administration of the drug that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

43
Q

extra-label

A

term describes any use of a drug in a manner other than the use or manner that has been approved by the FDA

44
Q

drug formularies

A

reference compilation of drug dosages and information

45
Q

schedule drugs

A

drugs with the potential for abuse that are more tightly regulated by the government

46
Q

United States Pharmacopia

A

non-governmental United States organization that sets the standards required for all drugs manufactured in the United States

47
Q

inert ingredients

A

ingredients in the drug compound that include preservatives, stabilizers, or other additives besides the active ingredient

48
Q

indication

A

term that means the label-approved reason for using the drug

49
Q

side effect

A

any effect other than the intended effect of a drug

50
Q

precaution

A

term describes as mild adverse reaction or some predictable side effect that doesn’t typically require medical intervention

51
Q

warning

A

term to describe more serious or frequent side effects that could potentially

52
Q

United States Adopted Names Council

A

organization responsible for approving drug names in the United States

53
Q

bioequivalent

A

term used by FDA to determine if generic drugs are equivalent to parent drug

54
Q

Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994

A

legislation that gives veterinarians the right to prescribe drugs for extra-label use in veterinary patients

55
Q

withdrawal period of withdrawal time

A

period of time between the last dose and when the animal can be slaughtered for human food or its food products can be sold

56
Q

pharmacy

A

art and science of preparing and dispensing medications

57
Q

pharmacology

A

study of how drugs work

58
Q

drug order

A

request by veterinarian to dispense or administer a drug within a veterinary hospital

59
Q

prescription

A

drug order from a veterinarian to a licensed pharmacist

60
Q

dosage, regimen

A

term that describes how a drug is to be administered, including what mass of drug, what route, how often it is to be administered, and for how long

61
Q

dose

A

term that describes the mass of drug to be administered to a specific patient

62
Q

dose interval

A

term that describes the amount of time between doses

63
Q

dosage

A

term that describes the mass of drug needed per unit of weight of animal for any animal

64
Q

dosage form

A

description of physical form of the drug to be administered

65
Q

metric system

A

system of measurement that uses grams, liters, and meters as the basic elements of weight, volume, and length

66
Q

apothecary system

A

system of measurement that uses grains and minims

67
Q

household measurement system

A

system of measurement that uses teaspoons, tablespoons, and cups

68
Q

percentage solution

A

defined as the number of grams of drug per 100mL of liquid

BMS 23500 Pharmacology for VT I (3 decks)

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