Unit 1-3 Flashcards
1
Q
An environmental variable that alters the reinforcing of punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and alters the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event.
A
Motivating Operation
2
Q
An environmental variable that alters the reinforcing of punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and alters the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event.
A
Establishing Operation
3
Q
A motivating operation that decreases the effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event as a consequence (reinforcer or punisher).
A
Abolishing Opertation
4
Q
An increase in the momentary frequency of behavior.
A
Evocative Effect
5
Q
A decrease in the momentary frequency of behavior.
A
Abative Effect
6
Q
The effect of a stimulus on a specific response may be innate, due to the evolutionary history of that species.
A
Phylogenic Provenance
7
Q
The effect of the stimulus on a specific response may be learned, due to the experiential history of the individual organism in the environment
A
Ontonegenic Provenance
8
Q
MO related to reinforcement
A
MO(SR)
9
Q
MO related to punishment
A
MO(SP)
10
Q
EO related to reinforcement
A
EO(SR)
11
Q
EO related to punishment
A
EO(SP)
12
Q
AO related to reinforcement
A
AO(SR)
13
Q
AO related to punishment
A
AO(SP)
14
Q
EO related to positive reinforcement
A
EO(SR+)
15
Q
EO related to negative reinforcement
A
EO(SR-)
16
Q
EO related to positive punishment
A
EO(SP+)
17
Q
EO related to negative punishment
A
EO(SP-)
18
Q
AO related to negative reinforcement
A
AO(SR-)
19
Q
AO related to positive punishment
A
AO(SP+)
20
Q
AO related to negative punishment
A
AO(SP-)
21
Q
AO related to positive reinforcement
A
AO(SR+)
22
Q
UEO related to positive reinforcement
A
UEO(SR+)
23
Q
CEO related to positive reinforcement
A
CEO(SR+)
24
Q
A motivating operation whose value-altering effect depends on a learning history.
A
Conditioning Motivating Operations
25
Acquire the properties of an EO through contingent pairing with UEO's in much the same way that stimuli become Sr's through pairing.
Surrogate CEO
26
Acquire the properties of an AO through contingent pairing with UAO's in much the same way that stimuli become Sr's through pairing.
Surrogate CAO
27
An event that establishes another stimulus as a necessary condition to complete the response that the first event evokes, and thus establishes that second stimulus as a reinforcer.
Transitive CEO
28
Decrease in the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer and abate behavior which is maintained by the reinforcer whose value has been lowered (decreased).
Transitive CAO
29
Establishes its own termination as an effective form of negative reinforcement or punishment.
Reflexive CEO
30
Abolishes its own termination as an effective form of negative reinforcement or punishment.
Reflexive CAO
31
Abolishes its own termination as an effective form of negative reinforcement or punishment.
Threat CEO-R
32
An AO for negative reinforcement; abates avoidance behavior and abated behavior that has resulted in its own termination in the past.
Threat CAO-R
33
An EO for negative punishment; abates behavior that has resulted in its own termination in the past.
Promise CEO-R
34
An AO for negative punishment; evokes behavior that has resulted in its own termination in the past.
Promise CAO-R
35
Behavior that terminates an aversive stimulus.
Escape
36
Terminates a “warning” stimulus; prevents r delays the onset of the aversive stimulus.
Avoidance
37
a response terminates a warning stimulus
Signaled Avoidance
38
A conditioned aversive stimulus whose presence is correlated with the upcoming onset of an unconditioned aversive stimulus.
Warning Stimulus
39
No clear warning stimulus, but a response can still delay or prevent the occurrence of the aversive event
Unsignaled Avoidance.
40
the onset of painful stimulation establishes the reduction or offset of this stimulation as an effective form of reinforcement and evokes behavior that achieved such reduction or offset.
Negative Reinforcement
41
The application of the principles of operant and
respondent learning derived from the
experimental analysis of behavior and the
application of methods and procedures validated
by ABA researchers to assess and improve
socially important human behaviors
ABA Practice
42
Life changes that represent a person’s
| aspirations, dreams, and broad preferences.
Outcomes
43
Behavior and behavior change
Leads to outcomes
44
those skills or abilities that enable the individual
to meet standards of personal independence and
responsibility that would be expected of his or
her age and social group
Adaptive Behavior
45
Any defined, observable, and measurable
behavior which is the focus of assessment,
analysis, and intervention.
Target Behavior
46
Skill deficits, problems with strength of behavior,
problems with performance, problems with
stimulus control, problems with generality,
behavior excesses.
Types of problems with Behavior
47
Helps individual achieve outcomes, behavior
deficit makes the person too dependent on
others, behavior is harmful, dangerous or illegal,
behavior is controlled by meds or restraints,
behavior excludes individual from social
situations, behavior interferes with independent
functioning.
Reasons for selecting Target Behaviors
48
The treatment goals and the achieved outcomes
are acceptable, socially relevant, and useful to
the individual receiving services and to those
who care about the individual.
Social Validity
49
objective, clear, complete
Characteristics of a good response definition
50
The practitioner gathers basic information about
the case, determines if behavioral services are
appropriate, and if he/she is the appropriate
provider of those services.
Preliminary Assessment
51
Determine who has the authority to give consent
for services; Determine whether or not you have
the permission, skills, time, and resources to
begin assessment; Complete intake paperwork
or the equivalent (may be done by cleric);
Review records and available data; Meet client
and begin observations; Document
Steps of Preliminary Assessment
52
The quantitative results of deliberate,
| planned, and usually controlled observation
Data
53
Singlular word for Data
Datum
54
Objective
Clear
Complete
Characteristics of a good response definition
55
Directly measure a dimensional quantity
| of behavior
Continuous Response Measures
56
Do not measure bx directly
Discontinuous Response Measures
57
Event
Latency
Duration
IRT measures
Dimensional Quantities of Continuous Repsonse
58
```
Record time observation began
Count the responses
Record time observation ended
Divide: Count/unit of time
Report as rate per unit of time
```
Event Recording
59
```
Record time observation began
Record each antecedent
Record each response
Record time observation ended
Report as (Responses/Antecedents)/unit
of time
```
Event Recording of Operants
60
Amount of time a target behavior occupies for session of observation
Duration per session
61
Amount of time a target behavior occupies
Duration per occurance
62
Specify when to start recording (at the onset
or the offset of the stimulus).
Specify when to stop recording (at the
beginning or end of the response cycle).
Latency Recording
63
Start timing at the END of the response
cycle.
Stop timing at the BEGINNING of the
next response cycle.
IRT (Interresponse TIme)
64
When given the rate, provided that the
variability is not too great, or that there
are no outliers.
Estimating IRT's
65
```
Percent occurrence
Trials to criterion
Discrete categorization
Partial interval recording
Whole interval recording
Momentary time sampling
PLACHECK
```
Dimensionless Quantities of Discontinuous Response Measures
66
Similar to event recording of a restricted
or discriminated operant which has been
converted into a percent.
Percent Occurance
67
```
The number of consecutive opportunities
to respond required to achieve a
performance standard.
Record each opportunity to respond until
the performance standard is met.
```
Trials to Criterion
68
1. Determine what one trial will be
2. Decide how to report (number of trials
or number of block trials)
3. Record count as the measure
4. Present data
Trials to Criterion Steps
69
A method for classifying responses into
| discrete categories
Discrete Categorization
70
```
A discontinuous response measure in
which a recording session is broken into
short intervals of time; occurrence is
recorded if a response happens
during any part of the interval
```
Partial Interval Recording (PIT)
71
```
A discontinuous response measure in
which a recording session is broken into
short intervals of time; occurrence is
recorded if the behavior occurs for
the whole interval
```
Whole Interval Recording
72
A discontinuous response measure in
which a response is recorded as
occurring only if it occurs at the point in
time in which an interval ends.
Momentary Time Sampling
73
```
A group of individuals is observed at the
end of an interval
Count how many of individuals are
engaging in the target behavior(s)
Compare with the total number of
individuals
Percent of individuals engaging in
behavior(s)
```
PLACHECK
74
The dimensional quantity of interest.
The estimated rate of the behavior.
Whether to measure responses or
episodes.
Factors to consider when selecting a response measure
75
Measuring the results of behavior
Permanent Products
76
The consistency of measurement
Reliablility
77
```
The coefficient of agreement between
two or more independent observers.
Usually calculated as a percentage by
dividing the number of agreements by the
total number of agreements plus
disagreements, then multiplying by 100.
```
IOA (Interobserver Agreement)
78
```
Competence of new observers
Detecting observer drift
Validate collection methods
Increase confidence that interventions
are responsible for behavior change
```
Uses for IOA
79
The degree to which an intervention is
| implemented as described/designated
IV Integrity
80
Total count
| Percent agreement
2 Main Methods of IOA
81
Total agreement in each interval
Number of intervals
X 100
Mean Count Interval
82
```
# of intervals with 100% agreement
Number of intervals
X 100
```
Exact count per interval
83
IOA should be above
80%
84
IOA should be collected and scored for a
| minimum of ___ of observations
33%
