Unit 1

Question 0

What are P-waves?

Answer 0

Also called seismic waves or primary waves, they are aftershock waves from an earthquake

Question 1

What are the four layers of the earth from the centre to the surface?

Answer 1

Inner core, outer core(core), mantle and crust

Question 2

How old is our Earth?

Answer 2

4.6 billion years old

Question 3

What are earthquakes?

Answer 3

Tremblings or vibrations of the ground, caused by the sudden release of built up energy in the Earth’s crust

Question 4

How thick is each?

Answer 4

Crust is the thinnest, mantle the thickest and core is in the middle of thick and thin

Question 5

What is the focus?

Answer 5

First place that rocks break below the surface in an earthquake

Question 6

What is each layer made of?

Answer 6

Crust-loose materials like rocks,soil and seabed
Mantle-hard rock, then super-heated molten rock, then rock again
Outer Core-iron and nickel
Inner Core-solid ball of iron and other minerals

Question 7

What is the epicenter?

Answer 7

Point right above(above or on the surface) the focus

Question 8

What are the layers of the Earth from the surface to the center?

Answer 8

Crust,mantle,outer core,inner core

Question 9

What is the Richter Scale?

Answer 9

Scale developed by Charles Richter and it measure the magnitude(degree)of an earthquake

Question 10

What are S-waves?

Answer 10

Also called, secondary wave or shear wave, they are waves that move through the ground(solids),but unlike seismic waves, they can’t go through liquids

Question 11

Where are most earthquakes located and why?

Answer 11

On the edge of tectonic plates because they are constantly moving and that creates movement in the Earth’s crust

Question 12

What is the difference between magma and lava?

Answer 12

Magma is molten rock still inside the volcanoe, while lava is molten rock that is outside the volcanoe

Question 13

What are volcanoes?

Answer 13

Opening in earth’s crust through which solid and molten rock, ash and gases escape

Question 14

What is erosion?

Answer 14

Process that moves soil from one place to another

Question 15

What causes Earthquakes?

Answer 15

Folds and faults in the ground

Tectonic plates moving

Question 16

What is a bedrock?

Answer 16

Layer of solid rock beneath the loose rock fragments

Question 17

What is a seismograph?

Answer 17

Device that detects the waves of energy that spread through the earth from the focus if an earthquake

Question 18

Which arrive first, S-waves or P-waves?

Answer 18

P-waves and they travel faster

Question 19

What is a seismogram?

Answer 19

The printout of a seismograph

Question 21

What is weathering?

Answer 21

Process that wears down rocks and other objects by water, glacial ice, wind and waves
Types are mechanical, chemical, biological

Question 22

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

Answer 22

Erosion-soil

Weathering-break down

Question 23

What is deposition?

Answer 23

Eroded materials being added to landforms and landmass

Question 23

What is sedimentation?

Answer 23

Process of the sediments being deposited onto landforms and land masses

Question 24

What are fluvial landforms?

Answer 24

Landforms create by running water

Ex. Hoodoos

Question 25

Mechanical,chemical and biological weathering

Answer 25

Mechanical-by physical forces, water and wind
Chemical-combines with chemicals in the air
Biological-by living things

Question 26

How do glaciers carve our landscape?

Answer 26

As they flow(melt), they carry large rock fragments with them and with the help of deposition, they form onto different landforms/masses