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Chemistry > Unit 1/2 Revision > Flashcards

Unit 1/2 Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

‘O in the middle of a chain is’?

A

Ethers
methoXYethane

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2
Q

‘-CHO ending’ is what homologous series?

How to name?

A

Aldehydes

-anal (eg. methanal)

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3
Q

Alcohol ending is what?

A

CH3OH (C is joined to O which is joined to H)

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4
Q

Carboxylic acid ending?

A

-COOH (O–C-O-H)

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5
Q

Carboxylic acid name ending?

A

-oic acid (eg. methanoic acid)

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6
Q

CH3Cl

  • Name it
  • What homologous series?
A

Chloromethane
Haloalkanes

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7
Q

-COOH is what homologous series?

A

-oic acids / carboxylic acids

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8
Q

-CHO is what homologous series?

A

-anal / Aldehydes

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9
Q

As you move down a group, first ionisation energy _____

A

decreases

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10
Q

As you move across a period, first ionisation energy _____

A

increases

more protons in the nucleus so e- are held on tighter

Proper def:
This is due to increasing nuclear charge, which results in the outermost electron being more strongly bound to the nucleus.

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11
Q

Which direction does metallic character (of an element) go on the periodic table?

A

from top right –> bottom left

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12
Q

Which direction does non-metallic character (of an element) go on the periodic table?

A

from bottom left –> top right

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13
Q

How many e- in an orbital

A

2 (each orbital can hold up to 2 electrons)

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14
Q

Most metals have _____ BP and therefore are _____ state at room temperature

A

igh, in the solid

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15
Q

Most non-metals have _____ BP and therefore are _____ state at room temp

A

low, not in solid

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16
Q

Do non-polar molecules dissolve in water?

A

No (eg. oil or hydrocarbons)

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17
Q

Is CH3OH soluble in water?

A

Yes because of its non-polar nature.

H in water forms intermolecular bonds with the O in CH3OH

18
Q

Intermolecular bonds = _____ molecules

  • Give examples
A

between (outside)

dipole-dipole attraction, hydrogen bonds, ion-dipole, dispersion forces

19
Q

Intramolecular bonds = _____ molecules

  • Give examples
A

within (inside)

covalent, ionic, metallic

20
Q

Conjugate pairs ____

A

Differ by a proton (which is 1 Hydrogen atom)

21
Q

What is the conjugate pair of NH4+?

A

NH3

22
Q

What are acid-base reactions?

A

Acid base reactions involve the transfer of one or more H+ ions from an acid to a base

23
Q

Acid is a proton _____ (donor/acceptor)

A

donate

24
Q

Bases are a proton _____ (donor/acceptor)

A

acceptor

25
Q

When pH increases by 1, the solution gets _____x more _____

A

10x more basic

26
Q

If 0.1M of NaOH has a pH of 13, what is the pH of 1M of NaOH?

A

14

27
Q

What are the benefits of alloying?

A
  • improve hardness/strength
  • improve resistance to corrosion
  • reduced mp/bp
  • reduce cost
28
Q

How are larger crystals formed in mettalic lattices?

A

Metal is cooled slowly from molten state (cooled quickly for smaller crystals)

29
Q

If small crystals are present in a metal, when zoomed up in a microscope, is the metal likely to be malleable/ductile or brittle?

A

Brittle (more crystal boundaries = more points of dislocation)

30
Q

Do we change the name for covalent molecules or ionic?

A

covalent only (think carbon DIoxide)

31
Q

What is avogadro’s number?

A

6.02x10^23

32
Q

Units for PV=nRT

A

P (kpa)
V(L)
n (mol)
R (given)
T (K)

33
Q

CH3COOH acid or base? (weak or strong)

A

weak acid

34
Q

NH3 acid or base? (weak or strong)

A

weak base

35
Q

NaOH acid or base? (weak or strong)

A

strong base

36
Q

…at a particular temperature and pressure (pressure and temperature are standard)

A

use molar volume equation

n=V/Vm

37
Q

Exceptions to oxidation numbers
- H2O2
- metal hydrides
- F2O

A
  • H2O2: O is 1- NOT 2-
  • metal hydrides: H is 1- NOT 1+
  • F2O: O is 2+ NOT 2-
38
Q

esterfication reaction (reactants & products)

A

carboxylic acid + alcohol = ester + water
- NEED CATALYST (sulfuric acid - H2SO4)

39
Q

exceptions to electron configuration

A
40
Q

complex acid base reactions (weird add elements one)

A
41
Q

heat capacity formula

A

Q=CmAT

Chemistry (7 decks)

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