Unit 1/2 Revision Flashcards
‘O in the middle of a chain is’?
Ethers
methoXYethane
‘-CHO ending’ is what homologous series?
How to name?
Aldehydes
-anal (eg. methanal)
Alcohol ending is what?
CH3OH (C is joined to O which is joined to H)
Carboxylic acid ending?
-COOH (O–C-O-H)
Carboxylic acid name ending?
-oic acid (eg. methanoic acid)
CH3Cl
- Name it
- What homologous series?
Chloromethane
Haloalkanes
-COOH is what homologous series?
-oic acids / carboxylic acids
-CHO is what homologous series?
-anal / Aldehydes
As you move down a group, first ionisation energy _____
decreases
As you move across a period, first ionisation energy _____
increases
more protons in the nucleus so e- are held on tighter
Proper def:
This is due to increasing nuclear charge, which results in the outermost electron being more strongly bound to the nucleus.
Which direction does metallic character (of an element) go on the periodic table?
from top right –> bottom left
Which direction does non-metallic character (of an element) go on the periodic table?
from bottom left –> top right
How many e- in an orbital
2 (each orbital can hold up to 2 electrons)
Most metals have _____ BP and therefore are _____ state at room temperature
igh, in the solid
Most non-metals have _____ BP and therefore are _____ state at room temp
low, not in solid
Do non-polar molecules dissolve in water?
No (eg. oil or hydrocarbons)
Is CH3OH soluble in water?
Yes because of its non-polar nature.
H in water forms intermolecular bonds with the O in CH3OH
Intermolecular bonds = _____ molecules
- Give examples
between (outside)
dipole-dipole attraction, hydrogen bonds, ion-dipole, dispersion forces
Intramolecular bonds = _____ molecules
- Give examples
within (inside)
covalent, ionic, metallic
Conjugate pairs ____
Differ by a proton (which is 1 Hydrogen atom)
What is the conjugate pair of NH4+?
NH3
What are acid-base reactions?
Acid base reactions involve the transfer of one or more H+ ions from an acid to a base
Acid is a proton _____ (donor/acceptor)
donate
Bases are a proton _____ (donor/acceptor)
acceptor
When pH increases by 1, the solution gets _____x more _____
10x more basic
If 0.1M of NaOH has a pH of 13, what is the pH of 1M of NaOH?
14
What are the benefits of alloying?
- improve hardness/strength
- improve resistance to corrosion
- reduced mp/bp
- reduce cost
How are larger crystals formed in mettalic lattices?
Metal is cooled slowly from molten state (cooled quickly for smaller crystals)
If small crystals are present in a metal, when zoomed up in a microscope, is the metal likely to be malleable/ductile or brittle?
Brittle (more crystal boundaries = more points of dislocation)
Do we change the name for covalent molecules or ionic?
covalent only (think carbon DIoxide)
What is avogadro’s number?
6.02x10^23
Units for PV=nRT
P (kpa)
V(L)
n (mol)
R (given)
T (K)
CH3COOH acid or base? (weak or strong)
weak acid
NH3 acid or base? (weak or strong)
weak base
NaOH acid or base? (weak or strong)
strong base
…at a particular temperature and pressure (pressure and temperature are standard)
use molar volume equation
n=V/Vm
Exceptions to oxidation numbers
- H2O2
- metal hydrides
- F2O
- H2O2: O is 1- NOT 2-
- metal hydrides: H is 1- NOT 1+
- F2O: O is 2+ NOT 2-
esterfication reaction (reactants & products)
carboxylic acid + alcohol = ester + water
- NEED CATALYST (sulfuric acid - H2SO4)
exceptions to electron configuration
complex acid base reactions (weird add elements one)
heat capacity formula
Q=CmAT
