Medicinal Chem (Exam q's) Flashcards

Required key terms for specific common questions (*concepts I keep forgetting)

1
Q

Explain to the change in enzyme activity.

-> Why does enzyme activity vary when we change pH?
-> Why is enzyme not effective in a certain pH?

A
  1. Interactions between acidic/basic side chains in tertiary and secondary structure bonds are disrupted
  2. Changes active site of enzyme = substrate can’t bind
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2
Q

Explain secondary structure bonds in proteins.

A

H-bonds between neighbouring peptide bonds (CO—-HN)
* forms alpha helix / beta pleated sheets structure

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3
Q

Explain primary structure bonds in proteins.

A

Covalent peptide bonds (between amino acids)

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4
Q

What does glycerol look like and what subgroup is it under?

A

data:image/png;base64,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

Under Fats/Lipids

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5
Q

Explain why smth has a higher MP using bonding (fatty acids)

A
  • straight carbon chain
  • no C=C double bonds
  • tighter packing
  • more dispersion forces
  • more E req to break bonds
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6
Q

Amylopectin compared to Amylose

A

Amylopectin
* branched structure due to alpha 1-6 glycosidic bonds
* Easier access for enzymes for hydrolysis
* faster digestion + absorption

Amylose
* linear (or helical???), straight-chain structure
* tighter packing
* increased disp. forces
* more E req

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7
Q

Similarities between Amylose and Amylopectin?*

A

Both are polymers of alpha glucose

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8
Q

Explain Glycogen, Starch, and Cellulose

A

Polymers of alpha glucose
* Glycogen - human storage for glucose
* Starch - plant storage for glucose (splits into 2 types - amylose/amylopectin - CH2OH groups remain on same side of chain)

Polymer of beta glucose = Cellulose
* made in plants, we don’t make it.
* we can eat it!
* can’t digest it though (just poop it out lol)
* CH2OH side chain alternates every monomer

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9
Q

Explain why fats are solid and oils are liquid at room temp

A

Oils
* unsaturated bonds = kinks
* can’t pack tightly
* decreased disp. forces
= liquid

Fats
* saturated bonds
* straight linear chain
* tightly packed
* increased disp. forces
= solid

At room temp, E is sufficient/insufficient to break bonds

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10
Q

Which has greater effect on MP: unsaturation or larger molecule?*

A

Unsaturation has a greater effect on MP

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11
Q

Describe the bonds that contrbute to spiral secondary structure of protein.

A
  • WHAT- H bonds
  • WHERE - between H atom and O atom on different peptide groups on the same polymer chain
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