Unit 1&2 Chapter Test Flashcards
Most cultures were based on extended family groups
caclanlnd
During the next three centuries, slave traders from Portugal, Spain, Britain, and other European nations forced at least 11 million Africans across the Atlantic. This brutal transatlantic commerce weakened the economies of West Africa as it enriched European merchants and empires
Middle Passage
In 1492, Spain’s rulers sponsored a voyage headed by Italian mariner hoping to reach East Asia
Christopher Columbus
Spanish invaders were brave, resourceful, ruthless, and destructive
conquistadores
Maize and potatoes helped to boost the population of Europe. The traffic of goods and ideas between Europe and the Americas.
Columbian Exchange
political rights of Englishmen, the Virginia planters elected a legislature
House of Burgesses
Something which provided a framework for self-government
Mayflower Compact
One of the two important documents. It was signed by King John in 1215, limited the power of the English monarch. It protects the right of people to own private property and guaranteed the right to trial by jury.
Magna Carta
signed by King William and Queen Mary in 1688, was a written list of freedoms that the government promised to protect.
English Bill of Rights
A circulation among well-educated American colonists. It was a European intellectual movement. Philosophers of these times believed that all problems could be solved by human reason.
Enlightenment
During the 1740s concern about these trends led to a religious movement
Great Awakening
Declaration of Independence declared American independence and expressed Enlightenment ideas about the natural rights of people was drafted by
Thomas Jefferson
Patriots, who were highly motivated and benefited from the leadership of
George Washington
a list of freedoms guaranteed by the state governments
bill of rights
armed farmers led by—–shut down courts, blocking foreclosures. The state of Massachusetts sent troops to suppress the revolt.
Shay’s Rebellion
designed the Virginia Plan , which advocated a national union that was both strong and republican
James Madison
divided power between the states and the nation, a division of sovereignty
federalism
The Constitution also promoted a _________ within the federal government by defining distinct executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
separation of powers
Each branch has it on the others to prevent the emergence of a single center of power
checks and balances
this made it more difficult for them to become citizens, it also authorized the President to arrest and deport immigrants who criticized the federal government.
Alien Act
this made it a crime for citizens to publicly discredit federal leaders
Sedition Act
The power to decide the constitutionality of a federal law in the celebrated case Marbury v Madison
judicial review
Jefferson bought a vast territory extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. The territory nearly doubled the size of the United States and cost the country only 15 million
Louisiana Purchase
The British also seized sailors from U.S. ships to serve in the royal navy
impressment
suspending trade by ordering American ships to stay in port
embargo
this simple machine reduced the time and cost of separating cotton fiber from its hard shell. American cotton production surged from 1.5 million pounds in 1790, to 167 million pounds in 1820
cotton gin
doctrine declaring that European monarchies ha d no business meddling with American republics and vice versa
Monroe Doctrine
Known as the “Peoples President” / “common man”
Andrew Jackson
The federal government imposed these or high taxes on imported products
tariffs
religious movement swept across America that become known as the
Second Great Awakening
the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.
civil disobedience
reformers who sought a gradual or immediate end to slavery
abolitionists
this allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state, so long as a free state Maine was admitted at the same time
Missouri Compromise
started an antislavery newspaper and became a powerful speaker at abolitionist meetings
Frederick Douglass
a network of abolitionist white and black who led enslaved people to freedom in the North or in Canada
Underground Railroad
helped organize the nation’s first women’s rights convention
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
it came to stand for the idea that the U.S. was intended by God to stretch from the Atlantic Ocean all the way to the Pacific Ocean
Manifest Destiny
stated that, though slavery would continue in the south it would be banned in the territory won from Mexico
Wilmot Proviso
__________According to this measure, California was admitted as a free state. In the rest of the territory acquired form Mexico, voters would decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery. This approach became known as _______
Compromise 1850, popular sovereignty
she wrote the antislavery novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe
which divided the Nebraska Territory in to Kansas and Nebraska
Kansas- Nebraska Act
the Court declared that African Americans were not citizens, and therefore were not entitled to sue in the courts, the federal government did not have the power to ban slavery in any territory
Dred Scott v Sandford
Led a small band of white and black followers in an attempt to seize a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry Virginia
John Brown
break away
secede
a strategy designed to starve the south into submission
Anaconda Plan
had been offered command of Union forces but chose instead tp remain loyal to his native Virginia
Robert E. Lee
this presidential decree declared that “all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the U.S., shall be then thenceforward, and forever free”
Emancipation Proclamation
guarantees that no one can be held in prison without specific charges being filed
Habeas corpus
price increase
inflation
Union General scored five victories in three weeks , ending with the surrender of 30,000 Confederate troops
Ulysses S. Grant
destroyed on third of Lee’s forces and marked the last major Confederate attempt to invade the north
Battle of Gettysburg
Lincoln used the occasion to reaffirm the ideas for which the Union was fighting
Gettysburg Address
a strategy which targeted not only troops but all of the resources needed to feed, clothe and support
total war
a federal agency designed to aid freed slaves and relieve the South’s immediate needs
Freedmen’s Bureau
president after Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Jackson
ended Slavery
Thirteenth Amendment
favored punishment and harsh reorganization for the south
Radical Republicans
the act of brining charges against an official in order to determine whether he or she should be removed from office
Impeachment
guaranteed full citizenship status and rights to every person born in the U.S. including African American
Fourteenth Amendment
guaranteed that no make citizen could be denied the right to vote on the basis of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude
fifteenth Amedment
used terror and violence against African Americans and their white supporters
Ku Klux Klan
legal separation of the races, became the law in all southern states
de hure segregation
