Unit 1&2 Chapter Test

Question 1

Most cultures were based on extended family groups

Answer 1

caclanlnd

Question 2

During the next three centuries, slave traders from Portugal, Spain, Britain, and other European nations forced at least 11 million Africans across the Atlantic. This brutal transatlantic commerce weakened the economies of West Africa as it enriched European merchants and empires

Answer 2

Middle Passage

Question 3

In 1492, Spain’s rulers sponsored a voyage headed by Italian mariner hoping to reach East Asia

Answer 3

Christopher Columbus

Question 4

Spanish invaders were brave, resourceful, ruthless, and destructive

Answer 4

conquistadores

Question 5

Maize and potatoes helped to boost the population of Europe. The traffic of goods and ideas between Europe and the Americas.

Answer 5

Columbian Exchange

Question 6

political rights of Englishmen, the Virginia planters elected a legislature

Answer 6

House of Burgesses

Question 7

Something which provided a framework for self-government

Answer 7

Mayflower Compact

Question 8

One of the two important documents. It was signed by King John in 1215, limited the power of the English monarch. It protects the right of people to own private property and guaranteed the right to trial by jury.

Answer 8

Magna Carta

Question 9

signed by King William and Queen Mary in 1688, was a written list of freedoms that the government promised to protect.

Answer 9

English Bill of Rights

Question 10

A circulation among well-educated American colonists. It was a European intellectual movement. Philosophers of these times believed that all problems could be solved by human reason.

Answer 10

Enlightenment

Question 11

During the 1740s concern about these trends led to a religious movement

Answer 11

Great Awakening

Question 12

Declaration of Independence declared American independence and expressed Enlightenment ideas about the natural rights of people was drafted by

Answer 12

Thomas Jefferson

Question 13

Patriots, who were highly motivated and benefited from the leadership of

Answer 13

George Washington

Question 14

a list of freedoms guaranteed by the state governments

Answer 14

bill of rights

Question 15

armed farmers led by—–shut down courts, blocking foreclosures. The state of Massachusetts sent troops to suppress the revolt.

Answer 15

Shay’s Rebellion

Question 16

designed the Virginia Plan , which advocated a national union that was both strong and republican

Answer 16

James Madison

Question 17

divided power between the states and the nation, a division of sovereignty

Answer 17

federalism

Question 18

The Constitution also promoted a _________ within the federal government by defining distinct executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

Answer 18

separation of powers

Question 19

Each branch has it on the others to prevent the emergence of a single center of power

Answer 19

checks and balances

Question 20

this made it more difficult for them to become citizens, it also authorized the President to arrest and deport immigrants who criticized the federal government.

Answer 20

Alien Act

Question 21

this made it a crime for citizens to publicly discredit federal leaders

Answer 21

Sedition Act

Question 21

The power to decide the constitutionality of a federal law in the celebrated case Marbury v Madison

Answer 21

judicial review

Question 22

Jefferson bought a vast territory extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. The territory nearly doubled the size of the United States and cost the country only 15 million

Answer 22

Louisiana Purchase

Question 23

The British also seized sailors from U.S. ships to serve in the royal navy

Answer 23

impressment

Question 24

suspending trade by ordering American ships to stay in port

Answer 24

embargo

Question 25

this simple machine reduced the time and cost of separating cotton fiber from its hard shell. American cotton production surged from 1.5 million pounds in 1790, to 167 million pounds in 1820

Answer 25

cotton gin

Question 26

doctrine declaring that European monarchies ha d no business meddling with American republics and vice versa

Answer 26

Monroe Doctrine

Question 27

Known as the “Peoples President” / “common man”

Answer 27

Andrew Jackson

Question 28

The federal government imposed these or high taxes on imported products

Answer 28

tariffs

Question 29

religious movement swept across America that become known as the

Answer 29

Second Great Awakening

Question 30

the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.

Answer 30

civil disobedience

Question 31

reformers who sought a gradual or immediate end to slavery

Answer 31

abolitionists

Question 31

this allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state, so long as a free state Maine was admitted at the same time

Answer 31

Missouri Compromise

Question 31

started an antislavery newspaper and became a powerful speaker at abolitionist meetings

Answer 31

Frederick Douglass

Question 32

a network of abolitionist white and black who led enslaved people to freedom in the North or in Canada

Answer 32

Underground Railroad

Question 33

helped organize the nation’s first women’s rights convention

Answer 33

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Question 34

it came to stand for the idea that the U.S. was intended by God to stretch from the Atlantic Ocean all the way to the Pacific Ocean

Answer 34

Manifest Destiny

Question 35

stated that, though slavery would continue in the south it would be banned in the territory won from Mexico

Answer 35

Wilmot Proviso

Question 36

__________According to this measure, California was admitted as a free state. In the rest of the territory acquired form Mexico, voters would decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery. This approach became known as _______

Answer 36

Compromise 1850, popular sovereignty

Question 37

she wrote the antislavery novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Answer 37

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Question 38

which divided the Nebraska Territory in to Kansas and Nebraska

Answer 38

Kansas- Nebraska Act

Question 39

the Court declared that African Americans were not citizens, and therefore were not entitled to sue in the courts, the federal government did not have the power to ban slavery in any territory

Answer 39

Dred Scott v Sandford

Question 40

Led a small band of white and black followers in an attempt to seize a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry Virginia

Answer 40

John Brown

Question 41

break away

Answer 41

secede

Question 42

a strategy designed to starve the south into submission

Answer 42

Anaconda Plan

Question 43

had been offered command of Union forces but chose instead tp remain loyal to his native Virginia

Answer 43

Robert E. Lee

Question 44

this presidential decree declared that “all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the U.S., shall be then thenceforward, and forever free”

Answer 44

Emancipation Proclamation

Question 45

guarantees that no one can be held in prison without specific charges being filed

Answer 45

Habeas corpus

Question 46

price increase

Answer 46

inflation

Question 47

Union General scored five victories in three weeks , ending with the surrender of 30,000 Confederate troops

Answer 47

Ulysses S. Grant

Question 48

destroyed on third of Lee’s forces and marked the last major Confederate attempt to invade the north

Answer 48

Battle of Gettysburg

Question 49

Lincoln used the occasion to reaffirm the ideas for which the Union was fighting

Answer 49

Gettysburg Address

Question 50

a strategy which targeted not only troops but all of the resources needed to feed, clothe and support

Answer 50

total war

Question 51

a federal agency designed to aid freed slaves and relieve the South’s immediate needs

Answer 51

Freedmen’s Bureau

Question 52

president after Abraham Lincoln

Answer 52

Andrew Jackson

Question 53

ended Slavery

Answer 53

Thirteenth Amendment

Question 54

favored punishment and harsh reorganization for the south

Answer 54

Radical Republicans

Question 55

the act of brining charges against an official in order to determine whether he or she should be removed from office

Answer 55

Impeachment

Question 56

guaranteed full citizenship status and rights to every person born in the U.S. including African American

Answer 56

Fourteenth Amendment

Question 57

guaranteed that no make citizen could be denied the right to vote on the basis of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude

Answer 57

fifteenth Amedment

Question 58

used terror and violence against African Americans and their white supporters

Answer 58

Ku Klux Klan

Question 59

legal separation of the races, became the law in all southern states

Answer 59

de hure segregation