Module 5 Flashcards
tThe political and social system that existed in France before the French Revolution
Old Regime
one of the three social classes in France before the French Revolution
First estate- Clergy
Second estate- Nobility
Third estate- the rest of the population
estate
King of France from 1774 to 1792; his unpopular help trigger the french revolution. deposed by the National Convention, he was executed by guillotine
Louis XVI
(1755-1893) Queen of France , wife of Louis XVI, she was queen during the french revolution and very disliked. she was found guilty and guillotine
Marie Antoinette
an assembly of representatives from all three estates, or social classes in France
Estates General
A french congress established by representatives of the third estate on June 17, 1789 , to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people
National assembly
A pledge made by the members of France’s National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution
Tennis Court Oath
A wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789
Great Fear
A french Congress with the power to create laws and approve declarations of war; established by the Constitution of 1791
Legislative Assembly
A person who leaves their Native country for political reasons, like the nobles who fled France during the peasants uprising of the French Revolution
emigre
In the French Revolution , a Radical group made up of Parisian wage-earners and small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in government , lower prices, and an end to food shortages
sans-culotte
member of a radical political organization during the French Revolution
Jacobin
A machine for beheading people, it was used as a means for execution
guillotine
(1758-1794) Leading figure of the French Revolution; he was known for his intense dedication to the Revolution. He became increasingly radical and led the National Convention during its most bloodthirsty time.
Maximilien Robespierre
The period from mid-1793 to mid -1794 , when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed
Reign of Terror
General; Emperor of France; he seized power in a coup de tat in 1799; he led french armies in conquering much of Europe, placing his relatives in positions of power . Defeated at the battle of Waterloo, he was exiled on the island of Elba
Napoleon Bonaparte
a sudden seizure of political power in a nation
coup de tat
a direct vote in which a country’s people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal
plebiscite
A government-run public school in France
lycee
a formal agreement especially one between the pope and a government, dealing with control of Church affairs
concordat
A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon
Napoleonic Code
an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon’s forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson
Battle of Trafalgar
the use of troops or ships to prevent commercial traffic from entering or leaving a city or region
blockade
Napoleon’s policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe , intended to destroy Great Britain’s economy
Continental System
a member of a loosely organized fighting force that makes surprise attacks on enemy troops occupying his or her country
guerrilla
A conflict, lasting from 1808 to 1813, in which Spanish rebels with the aid of British forces , fought to drive Napoleon’s French troops out of Spain
Peninsular War
the practice of burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off of the land
scorched earth policy
The brief period during 1815 when Napoleon made his last bid for power, deposing the French king and again becoming emperor of France
Hundred Days
A series of meetings in 1814-1815, during which the European leaders sought to establish long-lasting peace and security after the defeat of Napoleon
Congress of Vienna
Austrian statesman and diplomat ; he was the Austrian representative at the Congress of Vienna
Klemens von Metternich
A political situation in which no one nation is powerful enough to pose a threat to others
balance of power
the hereditary right or a monarch to rule
legitimacy
a league of European nations formed by the leaders of Russia, Austria, and Prussia after the Congress of Vienna
Holy Alliance
a series of alliances among European nations in the 19th century, devised by Prince Klemens von Metternich to prevent the outbreak of revolutions
Concert of Europe
