Unit 1-2

Question 1

What is Dualism?

Answer 1

The belief that the mind and body are two separate things.

Question 2

What is Materialism?

Answer 2

The belief that all mental phenomena can be reduced to physical phenomena.

Question 3

What is Nativism?

Answer 3

The belief that what we know is built in, not taught

Question 4

What is Empiricism?

Answer 4

The belief that our environment shapes who we are

Question 5

What is Nature vs Nurture?

Answer 5

The theories that we have certain ideas hard wired into us since birth vs us learning from our environments

Question 6

What is Phrenology?

Answer 6

A (now discredited) study of linking the brain and mental processes; thought things like ‘bigger brains mean smarter people’, never grasped that different areas of the brain could control different things.

Question 7

Who started the idea of Phrenology?

Answer 7

Franz Joseph Gall

Question 8

What is Structuralism?

Answer 8

The analysis of basic elements that constitute the mind

Question 9

Theorists of Structuralism?

Answer 9

William Wundt, Edward Titchner

Question 10

What is Functionalism?

Answer 10

The study of how mental processes enable adaption to your environment

Question 11

Theorists of Functionalism?

Answer 11

William James

Question 12

What do Structuralism and Functionalism share in common?

Answer 12

Both act on the idea of studying the mind scientifically.

Question 13

What is Behaviorism?

Answer 13

The idea that psychologists were restricting themselves to solely observable behavior; seeing a cause vs effect, stimulus vs reaction

Question 14

Timeline of Functionalism, Behaviorism, Cognitive Revolution, and Structuralism?

Answer 14

Structuralism, Functionalism, Behaviorism starts Cognitive Revolution

Question 15

What is the Cognitive Revolution?

Answer 15

A shift of how we study Psychology in the 1950’s that focused on the internal mental processes that drive human behavior.

Question 16

What are the 3 challenges of studying human psychology?

Answer 16

Variability, Complexity, and Reactivity

Question 17

Who is usually in Psych experiments?

Answer 17

W.E.I.R.D: western, educated, industrialized, rich, democracy. Complexity.

Question 18

What is the cross culture Muller-Lyer test an example of?

Answer 18

Variability; people from other countries could see the same line when americans could not.

Question 19

What is the Hawthorne Effect an example of?

Answer 19

Reactivity; the study showed that environment didn’t change the production as much as being under observation did.

Question 20

What is the Case method?

Answer 20

Gathering information off one case/individual.

Question 21

Who was Phineas Gage and what happened to him?

Answer 21

Phineas Gage was a railroad worker who had an iron rod go through his skull. It didn’t kill him, but he was almost an entirely different person in his actions after that.

Question 22

What did the Phineas Gage case teach us?

Answer 22

It taught scientists about the role of the frontal lobe in personality and it’s specialization in brain function.

Question 23

What are the pros vs cons of the case study method?

Answer 23

Pros: study rare events, insight into new areas of research.
Cons: difficult to replace, lack of genericity.

Question 24

What is the correlation method?

Answer 24

Studying how ____ effects _____

Question 25

What are the pros vs cons of the correlation method?

Answer 25

Peos: Helps determine correlation vs direct causes of things.
Cons: Doesn’t account for causation ex. shared genes

Question 26

Why do we use the correlation method if it can’t account a direct cause?

Answer 26

1. The correlation method is more about prediction and making educated guesses over causation ex. may not discover the cause of autism but can predict it.
2. Some variables are unethical/impossible to manipulate, so this gives us insight on natural, ‘wild’ behavior.