Music History Flashcards
When did Charlemagne rule?
768-814
When did Pope Gregory I reign?
590-604
When did Guido D’Arezzo live?
991-1033
When did Hildegard von Bingen live?
1098-1179
When did Beatriz de Dia flourish?
1212
What song is Beatriz de Dia known for?
A Chantar
When were the Cantigas de Santa Maria composed and by whom?
1280 by Alfonso el Sabio
What is Organum?
a polyphonic composition in which an existing plainchant melody is combined with one or more improvised or newly composed voices above or below
Musica enchiriadis
9th-century treatise that describes the practice of adding polyphonic voice (organum) to chant.
Notre Dame Organum
notated polyphony from around 1200 written at Notre Dame cathedral. It has distinctive Texture: lowest voice holds out long notes (tenere=to hold, “tenor”) in drone-like fashion while upper voices (duplum & triplum) move more quickly.
Magnus Liber Organi
“The Great Book of Polyphony”, combined by Leonin and Perotin, series of elaborate polyphonic compositions for the main feasts of the church year, based directly on plainchant
Guillaume de Machaut
the most important composer of the 14th century, worked in Reims cathedral, wrote sacred and secular compositions. (1300-1377), Messe de Nostre Dame
Notation develops to allow duple meter and independent parts in what century?
14th
When was the Renaissance?
1400-1600
Increased musical patronage followed what?
The Great Schism in 1417
contenance angloise
(French, “English guise”) Characteristic quality of early-fifteenth-century English music, marked by pervasive CONSONANCE with frequent use of HARMONIC thirds and sixths, often in parallel motion.
When did Guillaume Du Fay live?
1397-1474
Josquin des Prez
Lived 1450-1521. His career began and ended in Northern France & Belgium, but he was mostly active in Italy. Most famous and influential composer of the 16th century. Composed Missa Pange Lingua
When did printing really begin for polyphonic music?
1501
Johann Walter
a colleague of Martin Luther who set chorales in polyphony to create a repertory for trained church choirs
Anglicanism
A Protestant denomination of the Christian faith founded by Henry VIII in England in 1534. Continued by Edward VI in 1547
Mary Tudor
Queen of England from 1553 to 1558
When was the Church of England fully established?
1558
Council of Trent
Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Three sessions spanning 1545-1563
William Byrd
Lived 1540-1623. Catholic but composed much Anglican music.
G. P. da Palestrina
(ca. 1525 - 1594), Missa Papae Marcelli (Pope Marcellus Mass) (Credo in unum Deum)
First printer to successfully print polyphonic music in 1501?
Ottavio Petrucci
Italian Madrigal
a setting, for four or more voices, of Italian verse, usually with seven or eleven syllables per line. Emerged in 1530s. Through-composed, unlike 14thcentery madrigal
Jacob Arcadelt
Composed Il bianco e dolce cigno (1539), early madrigal
Maddalena Casulana
Morir, non può il mio core (1568), Middle Madrigal
Carlo Gesualdo
Io pur respiro (1611), Late madrigal (murdered his wife)
The Moresca: Canta, Georgia, canta, 1568
Composed by Orlando Lassus for the 1568 Munich wedding of then son of Lassus’s patron, Wilhelm of Bavaria
When was Dunstable and what did he write?
15th century, wrote Quam pulchra es
When was William Byrd and what did he write?
15th century, O sing joyfully
When was Josquin de Prez and what did he write?
15th century, Missa Pange Lingua, Kyrie
