Unit 1 Flashcards
What does camera obscura mean?
Dark room
Light tight
What does the exposure triangle refer to?
Shutterspeed, ISO, and aperture
What does aperture control?
The amount of light allowed in the camera
What is a shutter in a camera?
Device in camera that opens and closes to expose the sensor or film to light for a measured length of time.
How is light sensitivity measured?
ISO = How light sensitivity is measured
What does a light meter determine?
Under or over exposure
What was camera obscura adapted to create?
The photographic camera
What was the physionotrace developed using?
A salt solution
What does a daguerreotype yield?
Direct positive, highly detailed, produces latent image
Who made the earliest known permanent photograph?
Joseph Nicephore Niepce
Who was Hippolyte Bayard and what did he create?
A French photographer who created his own direct positive process
What did William Henry fox-talbot invent?
Calotype (salt paper print)
Who discovered Hyposulphite of soda used in black and white photography development?
John Hershel
Discovered Hyposulphite of soda which is a chemical used today in the development process of black and white photography.
Which photographers experimented with Silver nitrate?
Thomas Wedgewood and Davy
Experimented with Silver nitrate.
Who invented the daguerreotype?
Louis Daguerre
Invented the daguerreotype.
Who invented the Heliograph photographic process?
Joseph Nicéphore Niepce
Invented the Heliograph photographic process.
What gives cyanotypes their distinctive blue color?
Iron salts
Cyanotypes get their distinctive blue color from iron salts.
Who invented the wet collodion process?
Frederick Scott Archer
Invented the wet collodion process.
What does the Albumen print emulsion contain?
Egg whites
The Albumen print emulsion contains egg whites.
Who was commissioned to create photographs of enslaved Africans that perpetuated racist stereotypes?
J.T. Zealy
Commissioned by Louis Agassiz to create photographs of enslaved Africans that perpetuated racist stereotypes.
Who staged the photograph ‘Use of Ether for Anesthesia (1847)’?
Southworth and Hawes
Staged the photograph ‘Use of Ether for Anesthesia (1847)’ in which a dentist administers ether to a patient for surgery.
Who used photographs of mental patients as part of their therapy?
Hugh Welch Diamond
Was an active amateur photographer who used photographs of mental patients as part of their therapy.
What is combination printing?
An image created by two or more negatives.
Example: Combining multiple negatives to create a single image.
What did the Historic Monuments commission prefer for Architectural Photographs?
They preferred the softer details of the calotype over the cold metallic tones of the daguerreotype.
Example: Choosing calotype for architectural photographs.
Who used the calotype Process for portraits?
David Octavius Hill and Robert Adamson.
Example: Hill and Adamson using calotype for portraits.
What was the collodion process used for?
To coat a glass plate with collodion mixed with potassium iodide and then immersed the plate in a sensitizing solution of silver nitrate.
Example: Steps of the collodion process.
Who was best known for portrait photography?
Nadar.
Example: Nadar’s reputation in portrait photography.
What did C. Jabez Hughes believe high art Photography should do?
It should “instruct, purify, and ennoble”.
Example: Hughes’ view on high art Photography.
What was popular to collect?
Carte-de-visite and stereographs.
Example: Collecting Carte-de-visite and stereographs.
What did Julia Margaret Cameron intentionally create in her images?
Images with soft focus.
Example: Cameron’s intentional soft focus.
Who invented Carte-de-visite?
André Adolphe Eugène Disdéri.
Example: Disdéri’s invention of Carte-de-visite.
Who is known for making photographs of her daughters in a London Townhouse?
Lady Clementina Hawarden.
Example: Hawarden’s photography of her daughters.
Popular Subjects for High Art Photographers were:
Historical, Literary, Allegorical, and Biblical.
Popular subjects of stereographs:
Romance stories, Architecture, porn, Religion and Travel.
Who posed as a Native American scout in his staged Photograph ‘A Mocdoc Brave on the war path’
Eadweard muybridge
Alexander Gardener worked who??
Alexander Gardener worked for Matthew Brady. (Images were focused on death)
Who Staged some of the elements in his Photograph ‘Home of the rebel Sharp Shooter’
Alexander Gardener
Who photographed the crimean war?
Roger Fenton
Whose photograph would violate modern photojournalistic Standards (The valley of the shadow of Death) because it is staged?
Roger Fenton
Who were American West photographers??
Eadweard Muybridge, Carleton Watkins, Timothy O’sullivan & William Henry Jackson.
The purpose of topographical survey conducted by US Army’s of topical engineers:
- commercial Potential of natural resources
- record native American life
- geology, Plants and Animals
- mapping unknown terrain, scouting roads + railways
- Passages for private entrepreneur’s
- scientific exploration
Who was a well known political and cultural celebrity portrait photographer?
Matthew Brady
Brady photographed Abraham Lincoln, Lincoln said ‘Brady and the cooper institution made him president.’
What did Felice Beato primarily focus on in his photography?
Producing photographs from the British perspective.
What was Samuel Boone known for?
Imperial picturesque.
What is imperial picturesque?
An adaptation of European notions of pictorial organization and subject matter to the look of an exotic locale.
What photographic technique was commonly used by civil war photographers?
Wet plate collodion.
What did John Lamprey create for photographing subjects for ethnographic studies?
A portable silk grid.
Who created and photographed plaster models of the moon?
James Nasmyth and James Carpenter.
What was Jean-Martin Charcot’s primary area of study?
Hysteria. He photographed his patients acting out various symptoms of mental illness to the public.
What did Thomas Barnardo do as a photographer?
Administered home and training programs for poor and unhoused children, creating before and after photographs of children that exaggerated their poverty.
Who electrocuted his patients’ facial muscles before they were photographed?
Guillaume Dachenne
Guillaume Dachenne electrocuted his patients’ facial muscles before they were photographed.
What is the central idea of orientalism?
Western knowledge about the east is not generated from the facts or reality but from stereotypes.
The central idea of orientalism is that western knowledge about the east is not generated from the facts or reality but from stereotypes.
Who patents camera Lucida?
William Hyde Wollaston
Patent was issued in 1807
Who creates the first positive image?
Nicéphore Niepce
Created in 1826
Who invents daguerreotype?
Louis-Daguerre
Invention in 1839
Who announces cameraless photographic process called Photogenic drawing?
William Henry fox Talbot
Announced in 1839
Who patents calotype?
William Henry fox Talbot
Patent was issued in 1841
Who experiments with the wet collodion process?
Hugh Welch Diamond
Experimentation in the 1850s
Who invents Tintype?
Adolphe-Alexandre Martin
Invention in 1853
Who invents Shutter?
Ottomar Anschutz
Invention in 1842
Who invents cyanotype?
John Fredrick Herschel
Invention in 1842
Who invents Carte-de-visite?
André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri
Invention in 1854
Who invents combination print?
Oscar Gustave Rejlander and Henry Peach Robinson
Invention in the mid-1800s
What is invented by the Eastman Dry Plate Company in 1888?
Kodak camera
Invention of the Kodak camera
What does a calotype yield?
A negative
Calotypes yield a negative image.
What is a characteristic of calotype prints?
Multiple copies
Calotypes allow for the creation of multiple copies.
How would you describe the details in calotype images?
Softer details
Calotype images have softer details compared to other photographic processes.
Is calotype more labor-intensive?
Yes
Calotype is more labor-intensive compared to other photographic processes.
Where is calotype photography available?
Worldwide
Calotype photography is available worldwide.
What is a Daguerreotype?
Direct Positive, unique image (no copies)
A daguerreotype produces a one-of-a-kind image that cannot be duplicated.
What are the characteristics of a Daguerreotype?
Fine, sharp details, Simple process and Available Everywhere but England.
Daguerreotypes are known for their high level of detail, the straightforward process of creating them, and their widespread availability except in England.
What were the characteristics of High art Photography?
Sought to elevate photography to fine Art.
Example sentence: High art photography aimed to elevate the medium to the level of traditional fine art.
What were the subjects of high art photography?
Historical, biblical, literary, Allegorical.
No additional information provided.
What were the characteristics of Julia Margaret Cameron’s work?
Soft focus, dream like work, focused on Biblical, Greek, Rennisance paintings, British Lore, desired to Enable photography.
What was special about Roger Fenton’s photograph ‘Valley of the shadow of Death’?
Shot in an area where heavy losses were incurred from Russian Artillery, arrived months after the battle, made two photographs, second image became famous.
Did not photograph fallen soldiers, battle wreckage, or results from supply shortage. Photographed leaders of military and soldiers out of danger having a good time.
Artist?
William Henry Fox Talbot
Artist?
Anna Atkins
Artist?
Louis Daguerre
Artist ?
J.T. Zealy
Artist?
Hugh Welch Diamond
Artist ?
Southworth and Hawes
Artist ?
Oscar Rejlander
Artist ??
Lady Clementina Hawarden
Artist ?
Roger Fenton
Artist?
Matthew Brady
Artist?
Julia Margaret Cameron
Artist
Unknown
Artist?
Eadward Muybridge
Artist?
John Lamprey
Artist?
G.B. Duchenne De Boulogne
Artist?
Thomas Barnardo
