unit 1

Question 1

ethos means

Answer 1

characteristics way of acting

Question 2

fundamental belief or statement that are accepted to be true without the burden of proving or of proof

Answer 2

assumption

Question 3

quality of human acts by which we call them right, wrong or indifferent; good, evil or neutral

Answer 3

morality

Question 4

2 general forms of acts

Answer 4

acts of man
human acts

Question 5

involuntary naturals example

Answer 5

heart beat, blinking of eye

Question 6

voluntary natural acts examples

Answer 6

eating, sleeping, and drinking

Question 7

includes actions that are conscious, deliberate, intentional, voluntary and are within the preview of human value judgment

Answer 7

human acts

Question 8

classification of human acts

Answer 8

moral or ethical acts
immoral or unethical acts
amoral or neutral acts

Question 9

components of moral acts

Answer 9

the intention or motive
the means of the act
the end of the act

Question 10

3 major ethical theories

Answer 10

utilitarianism
categorical imperialism
situational ethics

Question 11

theory in thics by which action are judged to be right or wrong solely according to their causal consequences

Answer 11

utilitarianism

Question 12

an individual should seek only those things that tend to produce “The greatest happiness of the greatest number of people”

Answer 12

utilitarianism

Question 13

sensual indulgences or bodily gratification

Answer 13

physical pleasure

Question 14

refers to intellectual, spiritual and moral pleasures

Answer 14

mental pleasure

Question 15

does not rest on some interest; thus, it binds unconditionally and morally. This theory focuses on the motive of an act and the means employed by an act

Answer 15

categorical imperative

Question 16

moral worth of an act proceeds from two things

Answer 16

the motive or intention of the act
the nature of the means employed by the act

Question 17

act only on maxims that you
can, and at the same time, will to become a universal law.

Answer 17

universalizability

Question 18

Claims that morality of actions depends on the situation and not on the application of any law or
principle of morality. It upholds Freedom

Answer 18

situational ethics

Question 19

2 types of duties

Answer 19

prima facie
duty to prosper

Question 20

morally significant circumstances in a given situation.

Answer 20

prima facie duties

Question 21

duty of fulfilling promises and contract and agreement

Answer 21

duties of fidelity

Question 22

duty of paying compensation for harming or wrongfully injuring others

Answer 22

duties of reparation

Question 23

duty to reward others for their services or for their good deeds to us

Answer 23

duties of gratitude

Question 24

duty to distribute benefits and burdens fairly

Answer 24

duties of justice

Question 25

duty to love and to care for our neighbors, to help strangers
in distress and to benefit others from our expertise and knowledge.

Answer 25

duties of beneficence

Question 26

duty to educate ourselves in respect of virtue and intelligence.

Answer 26

duties of self improvement

Question 27

duty not to injure others.

Answer 27

duties of non-malevolence

Question 28

an ethical system which claims that the goodness or badness of human acts is based on authority.

Answer 28

authoritarian ethics

Question 29

Focuses on the fulfillment or the maximum realization of human
potentials or capacities. It inspires training and excellence in thinking, feeling and acting.

Answer 29

self-realization ethics

Question 30

claims that the morality is not categorical but relative; that is, if an act works well then, it is good; if not, then it is bad or immoral.

Answer 30

pragmatism

Question 31

pragmatism is also known as

Answer 31

american ethics

Question 32

claims that what is good or bad depends on or it’s relative to the norms or standards of a particular culture. Thus, what is good or bad to a particular culture is applicable only for persons possessing or living in that culture.

Answer 32

cultural relativism

Question 33

an ethical theory, which focuses on equal distribution of goods and services and of society’s burdens. It preaches universal brotherhood of man, society without class distinction.

Answer 33

communist ethics

Question 34

claims that the ultimate good of man is power.

Answer 34

power ethics

Question 35

founder of power ethics

Answer 35

friedrich nietzsche