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HES 202 - Exercise Physiology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

physiology definition

A

study of the function of the body’s cells, tissues, organs, and systems

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2
Q

exercise physiology definition

A

study of how acute and chronic exercise impacts the function of the body’s cells, tissues, organs, and systems

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3
Q

components of a research article

A

abstract, intro, research methods, results, discussion, references

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4
Q

best places to find peer-reviewed research articles

A

google scholar, PubMed

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5
Q

evidence-based practice definition

A

when research and scientific data is implemented into professional practices

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6
Q

Examples of evidence-based practice in the real world

A

NFL return to play, dietary guidelines, seatbelts, etc

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7
Q

Calorie definition

A

amount of heat needed to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius

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8
Q

direct calorimetry

A

measure heat production as an indication of metabolic rate (box system)

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9
Q

indirect calorimetry

A

measure oxygen consumption as an estimate of metabolic rate

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10
Q

open-circuit spirometry

A

measure the uptake of oxygen (o2 consumed) (air we breath in - air we breath out)

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11
Q

3 factors influence exercise efficiency

A

exercise intensity, speed of movement, muscle fiber type

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12
Q

how do we estimate energy expenditure in the gym?

A

power = work/time, direct relationship (heart rate, oxygen consumption)

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13
Q

Homeostasis

A

physiological variables that don’t change at rest (basal state)

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14
Q

Steady state

A

unchanging physiological variable, homeostasis is steady state but steady state is not always homeostasis

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15
Q

components of a biological control system

A

sensor, receptor, control center, effector

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16
Q

feedback of most biological control systems

A

negative feedback

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17
Q

adaptation

A

change in structure and function of cell or organ over time, allowing improved ability to maintain homeostasis or steady state

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18
Q

Acclimation

A

adapting to environmental stressors (temp, altitude, humidity)

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19
Q

5 mechanisms of cell signaling

A

intracrine, juxtacrine, autocrine, paracrine, endocrine

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20
Q

intracrine cell signaling

A

a chemical message sent within a cell

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21
Q

juxtacrine signaling

A

a chemical message between two cells

22
Q

autocrine signaling

A

a chemical message on the same cell, but message leaves the cell first

23
Q

paracrine signaling

A

message acts on nearby cells

24
Q

endocrine signaling

A

message released into blood stream, usually hormones

25
Q

hormesis definition

A

low dose of a potentially harmful stress resulting in beneficial adaptations

26
Q

which molecules help maintain cellular homeostasis

A

ATP, glucose, glycogen, oxygen, etc

27
Q

catabolic reaction

A

breaks apart molecules

28
Q

anabolic reaction

A

builds molecules

29
Q

why are mitochondria important

A

Make ATP! break down carbs and fatty acids, consume oxygen to generate atp

30
Q

2 types of chemical reactions

A

endergonic and exergonic

31
Q

endergonic reactions

A

require energy

32
Q

exergonic reactions

A

release energy

33
Q

oxidation reaction

A

loss of electrons and protons (hydrogen), gain oxygen

34
Q

reduction reaction

A

gain of electrons and protons (hydrogen), loss of oxygen

35
Q

reducing equivalents

A

NADH and FADH2, carry electrons that can be released for energy in the mitochondria

36
Q

enzymes function

A

speed up the rate of a reaction by decreasing amount of energy needed to start the reaction

37
Q

3 macronutrients used for fuel

A

carbs, fatty acids, proteins

38
Q

how is glucose stored

A

stored as glycogen in muscles and the liver
glycogen synthase turns glucose into glycogen

39
Q

glycogenolysis

A

process of breaking down glycogen into glucose

40
Q

fatty acids

A

primary form of fat used for fuel

41
Q

triglycerides

A

storage of fatty acids in muscle tissue and adipose tissue

42
Q

how does atp provide energy

A

energy is released when phosphate group is broken off, forming adp

43
Q

three bioenergetic pathways

A

phosphocreatine, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation

44
Q

bioenergetic pathway

A

produces ATP

45
Q

fastest bioenergetic pathway

A

phosphocreatine

46
Q

slowest bioenergetic pathway

A

oxidative phosphorylation

47
Q

which bioenergetic pathway produces lactate

A

anaerobic glycolysis

48
Q

what does the body do with lactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis

A

goes into the bloodstream, then the liver, liver converts it back to glucose

49
Q

where do oxidative phosphorylation and beta oxidation occur

A

mitochondria

50
Q

is oxidative phosphorylation driven by supply or demand

A

demand

51
Q

oxidative phosphorylation

A

consumption of oxygen to produce ATP

52
Q

Beta oxidation

A

break down fats for energy

HES 202 - Exercise Physiology (3 decks)

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