Unit 1

Question 1

Liberalism: Political aspects

Answer 1

all members of society have the SAME legal rights and freedoms regardless of gender, age, race, or economic status.

Question 2

Liberalism: economic aspects

Answer 2

individuals right to property and removal of government control in economic markets so that the value of goods and services is decided by individuals not gov’t.

Question 3

Liberalism: Social aspects

Answer 3

individuals are the basis of society

Therefore all individuals in society should be treated as equals and have access to the rights, the freedoms, and a quality of life.

Question 4

Personal vs Collective identity

Answer 4

Personal = the idea that you have of yourself . What separates you from others.

Collective= One you share with other people aas a member of a larger social group.

Question 5

Ideology

Answer 5

a set of principles or ideas that explain our world and our place within it.
- An individual might embrace an ideology because it mirrors their beliefs and values.

Question 6

Charastics of Ideology (4)

Answer 6

1) The Nature Of Human Beings:
- When we are left to our own devices / are people naturally good or bad.

2) The Structure of Society:
- Structure binds us together and helps keeps society functioning

• FORMAL structure = provincial government
• INFORMAL structure = acceptable / expected social behaviour.

3) Interpretations of History
- Past events that influence current beliefs and values

4) Visions of the Future
ex: graduation you have an idea of what you want your life to look like.

Question 7

Themes of ideology

Answer 7

1) Nation

2) Class

3) Race

4) Environment

5) Relationship to land

6) Gender

7) Religon

Question 8

Economic system: Economic

Answer 8

The study of how people use their resources to meet needs and wants.

Question 9

Economic system: Politics

Answer 9

Who gets what when and how often

Question 10

Means of Production

Answer 10

1) Land = physical resources

2) Labour = people doing work

3) Capital = The machines, money, investments and other infrastructure turning the work and resources into a product or service.

Question 11

3 Basic economic questions

Answer 11

1) What to produce

2) how to produce

3) for whom to produce

Question 12

Economic spectrum: Market Economy (right)

Answer 12

(right) Buyers and sellers decide what is and the amount produced. (kijiji)

Question 13

Economic spectrum: Centrally planned (left)

Answer 13

Three basic economic questions are answered by a central authority.

Government deciding what can be sold and how much.

Question 14

Economic spectrum: Mixed economy (middle)

Answer 14

Mixture of public and private enterprise.

Question 15

Political spectrum: Radicals

Answer 15

• Leftmost
• Want extreme change and are in favour of starting again
• Ok with violence (both extreme sides are)
• Communist

Question 16

Political spectrum: Liberals

Answer 16

• Left
  -Favour change through peaceful and legal means through government policy.

Question 17

Political spectrum: Moderates

Answer 17

• Middle
  -Favour gradual changes

Question 18

Political spectrum: Conservative

Answer 18

• Right
• Content with status quo (how things are)
• Maintaining existing tradition

Question 19

Political spectrum: Reactionaries

Answer 19

• Rightmost
• Favour of old and historic ways
• Are ok with using violence (side-most are extreme)

Question 20

Collectivism

Answer 20

Collectivist ideologies endorse…
1) working cooperatively

2) collective enterprise, unions, and teamwork

3) Want social harmony and cohesion instead of competition

4)** View gov’t control and interference regarding social and economic issues a positive

Question 21

6 Fundamental Principles of individualism

Answer 21

1) Rule of Law

2) Individual Rights

3) Private Property

4) Economic Freedom

5) Self Interest

6) Competition

Question 22

Principles of collectivism

Answer 22

Foundation of ideologies such as communism and socialism, developed in response to the issues that arose during the industrial revolution.

Question 23

6 Fundamental Principles of collectivism

Answer 23

1) Economic equality

2) Cooperation

3) Public Property

4) Collective interest

5) Collective responsibility

6) Obey collective norms

Question 24

What does “Laissez-faire” mean

Answer 24

= (People) alone to do (as they wish)

Was a definitive of capitalism at this time and referenced to a reduction of government.

Question 25

Luddites

Answer 25

Dissatisfied textile workers formed the army of Redressers. This army would break into factories and destroyed over 200 of the machines that would ensure their labour was no needed and machinary didnt threatened their employment.

Question 26

The 6 essential goals of the Chartists

Answer 26

1) universal suffrage for men over 21

2) Equal - sized electoral districts

3) Voting by secret ballot

4) an end to the need for property qualifications

5) Pay for members of parliament

Question 27

Utopian Socialism

Answer 27

Humanitarians who advocated to end the bad working conditions in the industrial capitalist countries of the time.

Question 28

Welfare Capitalism

Answer 28

Welfare Capitalism referred to Classical Liberal (govt rules kept to minimum and individualism) COMBINED with a government that used legislation to give workers protection.

(Capitalismprivately owned that uses social welfare)

Question 29

Welfare State

Answer 29

A state that uses Capitalism that has added polices and regulations to ensure economic stability and a better standard of living.

The Great Depression had proved how in need states were of some economic regulations to ensure that it wouldn’t happen again.

**From Here emerged Modern Liberalism.

Question 30

Keynesian Economics

Answer 30

Keynes believed that in order to lesson with the severity of a reccession, governements should spend more money and reduce taxes.

He also believed in times of inflation governemnt should spend less money and raise taxes.

—– This would leave indivuals more money to spend and invest in the economy.

Question 31

Environmentalism

Answer 31

Ideological belief that protecting the environment and achieving sustainable use of resources should be prioritized.

Values collectivism because the plant cannot be saved through individual efforts.

Idea of the protection of the earth can’t out way the economy there needs to be a balance were the productivity of the industries are not hindered out of protection for the plant.

Question 32

Mussolini

Answer 32

• Creator of fascism
• He was originally drawn to socialism but then had a change of heart towards nationalism.
• He founded fascism and described it as a society that values military dedication, extreme devotion to the nation, and the goal to return the country to the glories of their past.

Question 33

General Wil

Answer 33

• Very similar to the concept of utilitarianism
• The greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people. Not what the majority wants.

Question 34

Difference between fascism and communism

Answer 34

Fascism = Inequality and values superiority
Communism = Equality through force of evening out resources and cabability.

Question 35

Difference between public and private ownership

Answer 35

Public = Government owned
(sweden’s democratic socialist society has a blend of both public and privately owned businesses)
Private = Individually known

Question 36

Rule of Law

Answer 36

All individuals are expected to follow the law and are subject to the same consequences if they break the law.