Unit 1 Flashcards
List the anatomical levels of organization from largest to smallest.
Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cells, molecules, atom
. Explain anatomical position. How is it different form supine and prone positions?
Standing, arms at side, palms foward
Superior and Inferior
Up and Down
Anterior and Posterior
Towards the front and towards the back
Medial, Lateral, intermediate
toward the midline of the body, away from the midline of the body, between medial and lateral
Proximal and Distal
toward the body and away from the body
Sagittal Section
cut on midline
Frontal section
cut where you can see both eyes
Transverse
Cut horizontally
Dorsol Body Cavity
Cranial - Holds the skull
Spinal Cavity - Protects the spinal cord
Thoracic Cavity
Protects heart and lungs
mediastinum - trachea, heart, blood vessels
Pleural cavities – lungs
AbdominoPelvic Cavity
contains the stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen, intestines, kidneys, bladder, and reproductive organs
Abdominal cavity – most of digestive system
Pelvic cavity – bladder, reproductive organs, end of large intestine
Epithelial tissue
General Location = covers the outside of the body and forms the inside lining of organs and body cavities
Epithelial tissue is classified by cell shape and the number of layers of cells present.
Epithelial name beginning
Single - one layer
Stratified - multiple layers
Epithelial name endings
Squamous - thin and flat cells
Cuboidal - Cube-shaped cells
Columnar - Long column Shapes
Transitional - Multiple different shapes
Connective Tissue
General Location = forms connections within and between body organs and cavities
Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue type in the body,
- bones, cartilage, dense fibrous tissue
Types of connective tissue
Adipose
Fat storage
Protection & insulation
Areolar
Cushion and protection
Storage of fluid and minerals
Reticular
Internal framework for many organs
Blood
Transportation of blood cells, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and respiratory gases
Muscle Tissue
General Function = movement (highly specialized for contraction)
Types of muscle tissue
Skeletal
Voluntary, striated (striped)
Contain multiple nuclei per cell
Example 🡪 Skeletal Muscles
Cardiac
Involuntary, striated
Contain specialized junctions called intercalated
Example 🡪 Heart
Smooth
Involuntary, not striated
Example 🡪 Digestive tract (peristalsis)
Nervous tissue
Location(s) = brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
Cell Types:
Neurons – nerve cells that conduct electrical impulses
Neuroglia – protect and support neurons
