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Biology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

7 characteristics of an organism; MRS GREN.

A

Movement
Respiration
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

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2
Q

Why is movement required?

A

Movement is required to get around, find nutrients, potential mates etc.

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3
Q

Why is respiration required?

A

Respiration is required to turn energy (usually glucose) stored in chemicals + oxygen into a form of energy we can use.

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4
Q

Why is sensitivity required?

A

Sensitivity is required to be able to respond to the environment.

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5
Q

Why is growth required?

A

Growth is required to increase size or replace damaged cells.

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6
Q

Why is reproduction required?

A

Reproduction is required to produce offspring.

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7
Q

Why is excretion required?

A

Excretion is required to get rid of waste products from respiration.

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8
Q

Why is nutrition required?

A

Nutrition is required to absorb chemicals necessary for growth and respiration.

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9
Q

What is a species?

A

A species is a group of organisms that are capable of reproduction and producing fertile offspring.

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10
Q

What is binomial naming and can you think of any examples?

A

Binomial naming means two names. Binomial naming consists of the first word, the genus and the second word, the species. Examples, Homo sapiens, Canis lupus, Felis catus.

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11
Q

What are the 4 rules when writing binomial names?

A

When writing binomial names, you must always write the genus name as a proper noun and the species as a common noun. You also either italicise the whole name online or underline it when writing on paper.

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12
Q

How does modern classification differ from traditional classification?

A

Modern classification is based on evolutionary relationships while traditional classification was based on morphology and anatomy, physical attributes.

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13
Q

Describe key features of a phylogenetic tree.

A

INPUT ANSWER HERE more similarities in dna sexqetence, more closelt related

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14
Q

What do similarities in DNA suggest?

A

Similarities in DNA suggest a closer relation.

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15
Q

What is a dichotomous key?

A

A dichotomous key is a tool constructed using contrasting characteristics to divide the smaller organisms in the key into smaller and smaller groups; each time a choice is made, a number of organisms are eliminated.

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16
Q

Describe a vertebrate.

A

A vertebrate is an animal with an endoskeleton, commonly known as a spine or backbone. Examples of this are all mammals, birds, amphibians, lizards and birds.

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17
Q

What is an arthropod?

A

An arthropod is an organism that belongs to the animal kingdom with a segmented body, jointed legs and an exoskeleton made of chitin.

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18
Q

What is an insect?

A

An insect is an arthropod that has three body segments and six legs.

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19
Q

What is an arachnid?

A

An arthropod with two body segments and eight legs.

20
Q

What is a crustacean?

A

A crustacean is an arthropod with three body segments and at least eight legs.

21
Q

What is a myriapod?

A

A myriapod is an arthropod with numerous body segments and lots of legs.

22
Q

What is the Classification System?

A

A system in which all living things can be classified into five main groups called kingdoms.

23
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A

Plants, animals, prokaryotes, fungi, and protoctists (protists).

24
Q

What are 4 characteristics of a plant?

A

Plants are multicellular, composed of eukaryotic cells, have cell walls made of cellulous, and they are autotrophs.

25
Q

What are 4 characteristics of an animal?

A

Animals are multicellular, composed of eukaryotic cells, no cell walls, and they are heterotrophs.

26
Q

What are 4 characteristics of a fungus?

A

Fungi are multicellular, composed of eukaryotic cells, have no cells walls and are heterotrophs.

27
Q

What are 4 characteristics of prokaryotes, commonly known as bacteria?

A

Prokaryotes are unicellular, does not have a membrane-bound nucleus (which makes it a prokaryotic cell). Prokaryotes have cell walls made of peptidoglycan and they are heterotrophs.

28
Q

What are characteristics of a protoctists (protists)?

A

Protoctists (algae, etc.) are any eukaryotes that aren’t animals, plant, or fungi. They can be heterotrophs or autotrophs, even mixotroph. They are usually unicellular.

29
Q

What does unicellular mean?

A

Unicellular means one cell, meaning that a unicellular organism is composed of one cell. They usually cannot be seen by the human eye.

30
Q

What does multicellular mean?

A

Multicellular means multiple cells. When used to describe organisms this means that the organism is composed of multiple cells.

31
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

Eukaryotes are organisms with cells that have a membrane bound nucleus.

32
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

Prokaryotes are organisms composed of a cell(s) that does not have a membrane bound nucleus.

33
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

An autotroph is an organism capable of producing its own food, they are commonly known as producers. Producers usually use photosynthesis.

34
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

Heterotrophs are organisms that gain nutrients from consuming other organisms be it animal, plants, or fungi.

35
Q

What is a monocots and dicots?
(Monocotyledons and dicotyledon.)

A

Monocots and dicots are the two main classifications for angiosperms, commonly referred to as flowering plants.

36
Q

What are the 5 distinctive features between the two?

A

The number of cotyledons, the pattern of the leaf veins to the midrib, the vascular bundle (cross-section), the root system, and the floral pattern/ number of petals.

37
Q

How many cotyledons in a monocot and dicot?

A

There is one cotyledon in a monocot and two cotyledons in a dicot.

38
Q

What is a cotyledon?

A

An embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants, one or more of which are the first leaves to appear from a germinating seed.

38
Q

What are the defining features of a monocotyledon?

A

Monocots have a singular cotyledon, parallel leaf veins to the midrib, a complexly arranged vascular bundle, fibrous roots, and petals that come in multiples of 3.

38
Q

What are the defining features of a dicotyledon?

A

Dicots have two cotyledons, a net-like pattern of leaf veins sprouting from the midrib, a ring-shaped vascular bundle, tap roots and petals that come in multiples of 4 or 5.

39
Q

What is a fern?

A

A flowerless plant which has feathery or leafy fronds and reproduces by spores released from the undersides of the fronds. Ferns have a vascular system for the transport of water and nutrients.

39
Q

What’s a flowering plant?

A

A plant that produces flowers; an angiosperm. They have vascular tissues.

40
Q

How do angiosperms reproduce?

A

Angiosperms reproduce by using seeds found in fruits.

41
Q

State the features of an influenza virus.

A

An influenza virus has a membrane envelope, RNA, and protein spikes (commonly used in vaccines.)

42
Q

State the features of a bacteriophage.

A

A bacteriophage injects DNA into a bacteria cell. Looks like that thing from kindergarten SU. It is a DNA and it has a protein head.

Biology (10 decks)

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