Unit 1

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

Old definition: coming from the greek words psyche ‘soul’ and logos ‘the study of’
New definition: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

1st goal of psychology

Answer 2

To describe the different ways organisms behave

Question 3

2nd goal of psychology

Answer 3

Explain the causes of behavior

Question 4

3rd goal of psychology

Answer 4

Predict how organisms will behave in certain situations

Question 5

4th goal of psychology

Answer 5

Controlling an organisms behavior

Question 6

Positive side of control in psychology

Answer 6

Psychologists can help people learn to control undesirable behaviors by teaching better methods of self-control and ways to deal with situations and relationships

Question 7

Negative side of control in psychology

Answer 7

The concern that psychologists might control people’s behaviors without their knowledge or consent

Question 8

Plato

Answer 8

His version of the mind features three parts that must be in balance reason, spirit, and appetite

Question 9

Dualism

Answer 9

Mind and body are not connected and are very different

Question 10

Monism

Answer 10

Mind and body are connected

Question 11

Descartes

Answer 11

Saw the body as mechanical but the mind as a non-physical entity not suitable for scientific inquiry

Question 12

Aristotle

Answer 12

Believed that all knowledge is gained through sensory experience

Question 13

empiricism

Answer 13

-The idea that knowledge is the result of experience

Question 14

John Locke

Answer 14

Said “let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper void of all characters, without any ideas. How comes it to be furnished?… To this I answer, in one word, from EXPERIENCE.”

Question 15

Structuralism

Answer 15

Consciousness can be broken down into its essential elements

Question 16

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 16

Established the first formal psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in 1879
“Father of psychology”
Believed that the goal of psychology was to understand consciousness

Question 17

First psychology experiment

Answer 17

Was a simple test of reaction time

Question 18

Edward Titchener

Answer 18

One of Wundt’s students
Expanded on Wundt’s views to establish a theory of structuralism
Believed that the mind could be broken down into the smallest elements of mental experience

Question 19

Introspection

Answer 19

The personal observation of our own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Careful self-examination and reporting of ones own conscious

Question 20

Functionalism

Answer 20

Our consciousness serves an adaptive purpose by helping us survive

Question 21

William James

Answer 21

Established a theory of functionalism

Question 22

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 22

Natural selection of mental and physical traits
Traits that help most with survival are those that make it to the next generations

Question 23

Charles Darwin

Answer 23

Established a theory of evolutionary psychology

Question 24

The gestalt viewpoint

Answer 24

To understand consciousness, we must study the whole, not just its component parts

Question 25

Max Wertheimer

Answer 25

Developed a newer theory of the gestalt viewpoint

Question 26

Psychodynamic theory

Answer 26

Our behavior is deeply influenced by unconscious thoughts, impulses, and desires

Question 27

Sigmund Frued

Answer 27

Developed the psychodynamic theory

Question 28

Behavorism

Answer 28

All behavior is learned, observable, and measurable

Question 29

John B. Watson and B.F Skinner

Answer 29

Developed a theory of behaviorism

Question 30

Humanistic psychology

Answer 30

We have free will to live more creative, meaningful, and satisfying lives Followed the belief that people are innately good

Question 31

Abraham Maslow

Answer 31

Developed a theory of humanistic psychology

Question 32

Cognitive psychology

Answer 32

How our brain processes information influences how we behave Information processing, thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving

Question 33

Nature vs. Nurture

Answer 33

Nature: Behaviors and mental processes occur because they are inborn or innate Nurture: Behaviors and mental processes occur as a result of experience or the environment

Question 34

Biological psychology

Answer 34

Focuses on the relationship between the mind and behavior and there underlying biological processes

Question 35

Sociocultural psychology

Answer 35

Describes the effects of the social environment including culture on the behavior of individuals

Question 36

Basic Research

Answer 36

Scientific inquiry that aims to increase psychology's knowledge base

Question 37

Applied Research

Answer 37

Scientific inquiry that aims to use psychology to solve practical problems

Question 38

Counseling psychologists

Answer 38

Help people cope with adjustments and crises related to their everyday life Administer and interpret psychological tests Therapy and counseling

Question 39

Clinical psychologists

Answer 39

Assesses and treats mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders

Question 40

Cognitive psychologists

Answer 40

They study human thinking and might work as a professor or a corporate consultant

Question 41

Developmental psychologists

Answer 41

They study how our behavior changes as we age

Question 42

Educational psychologists

Answer 42

They study how we learn in different environments and in different ways

Question 43

Experimental psychologists

Answer 43

They conduct experiments to understand our behaviors and mental processes

Question 44

Psychometric psychologists

Answer 44

They use math and statistics to create, administer, score and interpret tests

Question 45

Social psychologists

Answer 45

They study how we interact with others and how groups impact us individually

Question 46

Forensics psychologists

Answer 46

They bring law and psychology together

Question 47

Environmental psychologists

Answer 47

They study how we are influenced and affected by our natural or built surroundings

Question 48

Health psychologists

Answer 48

They work to promote health and prevent disease

Question 49

I/O psychologists

Answer 49

Study the relationship between people and our work environments

Question 50

Neuropsychologists

Answer 50

They study how our brain impacts our behavior and thoughts