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AP Psych Test > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology

A

Old definition: coming from the greek words psyche ‘soul’ and logos ‘the study of’
New definition: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

1st goal of psychology

A

To describe the different ways organisms behave

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3
Q

2nd goal of psychology

A

Explain the causes of behavior

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4
Q

3rd goal of psychology

A

Predict how organisms will behave in certain situations

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5
Q

4th goal of psychology

A

Controlling an organisms behavior

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6
Q

Positive side of control in psychology

A

Psychologists can help people learn to control undesirable behaviors by teaching better methods of self-control and ways to deal with situations and relationships

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7
Q

Negative side of control in psychology

A

The concern that psychologists might control people’s behaviors without their knowledge or consent

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8
Q

Plato

A

His version of the mind features three parts that must be in balance reason, spirit, and appetite

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9
Q

Dualism

A

Mind and body are not connected and are very different

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10
Q

Monism

A

Mind and body are connected

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11
Q

Descartes

A

Saw the body as mechanical but the mind as a non-physical entity not suitable for scientific inquiry

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12
Q

Aristotle

A

Believed that all knowledge is gained through sensory experience

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13
Q

empiricism

A

-The idea that knowledge is the result of experience

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14
Q

John Locke

A

Said “let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper void of all characters, without any ideas. How comes it to be furnished?… To this I answer, in one word, from EXPERIENCE.”

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15
Q

Structuralism

A

Consciousness can be broken down into its essential elements

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16
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Established the first formal psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in 1879
“Father of psychology”
Believed that the goal of psychology was to understand consciousness

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17
Q

First psychology experiment

A

Was a simple test of reaction time

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18
Q

Edward Titchener

A

One of Wundt’s students
Expanded on Wundt’s views to establish a theory of structuralism
Believed that the mind could be broken down into the smallest elements of mental experience

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19
Q

Introspection

A

The personal observation of our own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Careful self-examination and reporting of ones own conscious

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20
Q

Functionalism

A

Our consciousness serves an adaptive purpose by helping us survive

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21
Q

William James

A

Established a theory of functionalism

22
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

Natural selection of mental and physical traits
Traits that help most with survival are those that make it to the next generations

23
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Established a theory of evolutionary psychology

24
Q

The gestalt viewpoint

A

To understand consciousness, we must study the whole, not just its component parts

25
Q

Max Wertheimer

A

Developed a newer theory of the gestalt viewpoint

26
Q

Psychodynamic theory

A

Our behavior is deeply influenced by unconscious thoughts, impulses, and desires

27
Q

Sigmund Frued

A

Developed the psychodynamic theory

28
Q

Behavorism

A

All behavior is learned, observable, and measurable

29
Q

John B. Watson and B.F Skinner

A

Developed a theory of behaviorism

30
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

We have free will to live more creative, meaningful, and satisfying lives
Followed the belief that people are innately good

31
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

Developed a theory of humanistic psychology

32
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

How our brain processes information influences how we behave
Information processing, thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving

33
Q

Nature vs. Nurture

A

Nature: Behaviors and mental processes occur because they are inborn or innate
Nurture: Behaviors and mental processes occur as a result of experience or the environment

34
Q

Biological psychology

A

Focuses on the relationship between the mind and behavior and there underlying biological processes

35
Q

Sociocultural psychology

A

Describes the effects of the social environment including culture on the behavior of individuals

36
Q

Basic Research

A

Scientific inquiry that aims to increase psychology’s knowledge base

37
Q

Applied Research

A

Scientific inquiry that aims to use psychology to solve practical problems

38
Q

Counseling psychologists

A

Help people cope with adjustments and crises related to their everyday life
Administer and interpret psychological tests
Therapy and counseling

39
Q

Clinical psychologists

A

Assesses and treats mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders

40
Q

Cognitive psychologists

A

They study human thinking and might work as a professor or a corporate consultant

41
Q

Developmental psychologists

A

They study how our behavior changes as we age

42
Q

Educational psychologists

A

They study how we learn in different environments and in different ways

43
Q

Experimental psychologists

A

They conduct experiments to understand our behaviors and mental processes

44
Q

Psychometric psychologists

A

They use math and statistics to create, administer, score and interpret tests

45
Q

Social psychologists

A

They study how we interact with others and how groups impact us individually

46
Q

Forensics psychologists

A

They bring law and psychology together

47
Q

Environmental psychologists

A

They study how we are influenced and affected by our natural or built surroundings

48
Q

Health psychologists

A

They work to promote health and prevent disease

49
Q

I/O psychologists

A

Study the relationship between people and our work environments

50
Q

Neuropsychologists

A

They study how our brain impacts our behavior and thoughts

51
Q
A

AP Psych Test (3 decks)

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