Unit #1

Question 1

What are the 4 differences between DNA and RNA?

Answer 1

!) DNA can’t leave nucleus 2) DNA is a double helix 3) DNA has Deoxyribose, RNA has Ribose 4)

Question 2

What are the Pyrimidines, Purines?

Answer 2

Pyrimidines: Thymine, Cytosine.
Purines: Adenine, Guanine.

Question 3

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 3

5 carbon sugar, Phosphate group, Nitrogenous base.

Question 4

The double helix shape of DNA was discovered by what scientists?

Answer 4

Watson, Crick, Wilkins, Franklin.

Question 5

What is the universal start codon, and what does it code for?

Answer 5

AUG, codes for Met.

Question 6

Mutations that produce changes in a single gene are called what?

Answer 6

Point mutations

Question 7

Mutations that cause changes in a whole chromosome are called what?

Answer 7

Chromosomal mutations

Question 8

What is a missense mutation?

Answer 8

When the mutation results in different amino acids being encoded at different positions.

Question 9

Nitrogen bases are always connected to what? (Sugar or phosphate?)

Answer 9

Sugar

Question 10

What are the 3 stop codons?

Answer 10

UAA, UGA, UAG.

Question 11

A series of 3 mRNA nitrogen bases that contain the information needed to make proteins are called what?

Answer 11

Codons.

Question 12

What is an anti-codon?

Answer 12

The three nucleotides that make a genetic code in a tRNA molecule.

Question 13

What enzyme zips up the two strands of DNA in replication?

Answer 13

DNA Polymerase

Question 14

What enzyme unzips two strands of DNA in replication?

Answer 14

DNA Helicase

Question 15

What are the three types of RNA, what do they do?

Answer 15

tRNA(decodes mRNA), mRNA(messenger), rRNA(Protein builder).