Unit 1 Flashcards
Jamestown
first colony, high death rates, mostly “gentlemen” who were not fit to work
Labor options
Natives had experience with the land, settlers relied on them at first
early slavery
had similar rights as colonists, difficult to distinguish from indentured servants. many were given their freedom. slavery was not inherited
indentured servitude
most common, worked 1-7 yrs in exchange for free passage. poor Europeans looking for a fresh start. get land/tools at end of servitude
Stono rebellion
slaves gathered and raided a firearms shop and headed south, killing many whites. slaves tried to go to Florida, were captured before by the whites
negro act
limited slaves freedom
bacons rebellion
slaves, poor whites, and former indentured servants united and burned virigina over lack of protection from natives. showed masters that slavery was a better option
french and indian war
french and indians vs britain and colonies. british won, and the colonies were eager to fight for land. end of the war there were huge war debts
proclamation of 1763
british wanted to mend relationships with natives. no colonists could move west which upset the colonists because they felt like they had fought for the land. but the british felt like they couldn’t go into another war so they felt like they are helping the colonist
first continental congress
colonies decide not to buy any british goods until Intolerable Acts are appealed
Lexington and Concord
british massachusetts govt find out about the colonists stash of weapons and plans to confiscate them. Paul revere and other warn the people. boosts colonist morale
Second Continental congress
decoded that they needed a commander which was george washington. Olive Branch Petition: colonists still wanted to be part of the British, British threw it away, colonists trying to repair relationship
Battle of Bunker hill
americans have high ground, colonists have fort on hill, colonists win, deadliest battle for the British. boosts morale for colonists
common sense
written by thomas paine about the atrocities of the British questions monarchy, national unity, shifts mindset to independence
sugar act
listed more foreign goods to be taxed such as sugar, wines, coffee
stamp act
required a tax on every piece of paper they used
townshend act
taxes on glass, paint, oil, tea, paper, desgined to raise money for the administration of colonist. established the american board of customs commsisioners
boston massacre
50 colonists attacked a british sentinel, british soilders fired into the mob, killing 3 on the spot and wounding 8 others
the tea act
colonists had to buy tea from the british, competed with local buisness
boston tea party
colonists dumped tea into the ocean
intolerable acts (response to boston tea party)
boston port act: closed boston port
Massachusetts govt act: gov of mass brought under control of the british govt
administation of justice act: biased courts bc british soilders who were accused of harasisng colonists could go to court in britain
quartering act: soilders can demand residence in colonist homes
declaration of independence
goals: unite colonies, statement to king George, legitimacy to the world
Patriots
support independence, enlightenment thinkers
loyalists
afraid of new gov, included native americans bc british said they’ll stop taking land, and some africans because they were promised freedom
battle of saratoga
colonists win, shows french that colonists could win, french promise aid, send lafayette
valley forge
winter, lack of food and warmth
yorktown
cornwallis surrounded, british fail to send troops, french naval arrives, british realizes war is too costly
articles of confederation
an alliance of 13 states, each with one vote, can’t tax, no common currency, no branch to enforce law, no national court, separate alliances
constitutional convention
met to revise articles, decided to scrap and make new constitutions, biggest controversies included representation and slavery
virgina plan
membership based on population, smaller states unhappy
new jersey plan
proposed single house congress, each state gets one vote
the great compromise
2 house congress, house of representatives-based on population, senate- based on equal representation
3/5 compromise
south states want slaves to get more representation, north disagrees, decide each slave counts at 3/5 of a person
federalism
power is split between national and state gov
delegated power
national power
reserved power
state power
federalists
want strong central govt
anti-federalists
want to protect individual and state rights
1st amendment
freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition
2nd amendment
right to bear arms
3rd amendment
protection from quartering
4th amendment
protection of unreasonable search and seizure
5th amendment
due process for criminal proceedings, can’t be punished without trial and legal process
6th amendment
public and speedy trial
7th amendment
trial by jury for civil cases, no govt involvment, people vs people
8th amendement
cruel and unusual punishment
9th amendment
unnamed rights, constitution cannot be used as a weapond
10th amendment
rights not listed in the constitution are reserved for states
george washington
first prez, ratified bill of rights, creates first cabinet, creates national bank, stepped down after 2nd term
washingtons farewell address
warns the dangers of political parties and entangling alliances
john adams
barely wins election, XYZ affair- france attacks merchant ships, US sends delegates to france, french diplomats XYZ tries to bribe the US diplomats, Adams decided not to go to war with France
alien and sedition acts
13 yrs to become citizen, president can deport foreigners during war, crime for citizens to print, alter, or publish false, scandalous or malicious writing about the govt
midnight judges
adam tries to fill the surpreme court
marbury vs madison
landmark case that established judicial review- supreme court reviews laws and rules whether or not they are constitutional
election of 1800
jefferson vs adams, propaganda and smear campaigns, peace transition of power, adams served one term
louisiana purchase
napoleon sold the louisiana territory to jefferson for 15 million, double uS size
