Unit 1

Question 1

the branch of science dealing with the physical constitution of the earth and its atmosphere.

Answer 1

Earth Science

Question 2

an interdisciplinary field that integrates areas of life, physical and earth science to study and address problems facing the environment and to implement science-based solutions.”

Answer 2

Environmental Science

Question 3

What makes environmental science different and why study it

Answer 3

When you study environmental science, you commit to learning about subjects like the understanding of earth processes, evaluating alternative energy sources, the effects of climate change, and controlling pollution.Mar 27, 2019

Question 4

Describe general processes of the scientific method

Answer 4

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Draw Conclusions

Question 5

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment.

Answer 5

Scientific Theory

Question 6

a statement that describes an observable occurrence in nature that appears to always be true

Answer 6

Scientific law

Question 7

The earth is not a perfect sphere

Question 8

What are the compositional layers of earth

Answer 8

Crust, mantle, core

Question 9

Structural layers

Answer 9

Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer core, Inner core

Question 10

the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

Answer 10

Lithosphere

Question 11

the upper layer of the earth’s mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.

Answer 11

Asthenosphere,

Question 12

the third layer in Earth’s atmosphere. It’s the coldest layer at about 130 degrees below zero and is where most meteors, or space rocks and metal, burn up before they hit the ground.

Answer 12

Mesosphere

Question 13

consist primarily of iron and nickel. They’re extremely hot, with temperatures ranging from 7200–9000℉ (4000–5000℃). The inner core is under intense pressure, which keeps it solid despite high temperatures. Outer Core: The outer core, which is liquid, is about 1300 miles (2092 km) thick.

Answer 13

outer and inner core

Question 14

What is the difference between weight and mass

Answer 14

Mass is a fundamental measurement of how much matter an object contains. Weight is a measurement of the gravitational force on an object

Question 15

What is an earth system

Answer 15

Earth´s interacting physical, chemical, and biological processes.

Question 16

Identify open and closed systems

Answer 16

A closed system is a system in which only energy is transferred with its surroundings. An open system, however, is a system in which both energy and matter can transfer. The earth is a closed system because only energy is naturally transferred outside the atmosphere.

Question 17

What are the 4 main spheres on Earth?

Answer 17

Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Geosphere
Biosphere

Question 18

1st and 2nd laws of Thermodynamics
Why are they important?

Answer 18

1st: energy is transferred between systems but never created or destroyed
2nd: as energy transfers from system to system it becomes less organized with time

Question 19

Describe each earth cycle and why they are important

Answer 19

the rock cycle, the food chain, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, the water cycle and energy cycles.

Question 20

toxins from an algal bloom got into the drinking water systems of Toledo, Ohio.

Answer 20

Toledo Water crisis

Question 21

What is ecology

Answer 21

the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.

Question 22

imaginary lines that divide the Earth

Answer 22

parallels

Question 23

imaginary north–south line on the Earth’s surface that connects both geographic pole.ongitude of 40° E or 40° W.

Answer 23

meridians

Question 24

Identify the reference points for each latitude and longitude

Answer 24

The primary reference line of latitude is the Equator, and the primary reference line of longitude is the Prime Meridian

Question 25

Identify what is a great circle and why they are useful

Answer 25

A great circle has the same circumference, or outer boundary, and the same center point as its sphere

Question 26

Recognize that earth has both geographic and magnetic poles and describe how these can be used to determine location

Answer 26

Magnetic poles are located where the magnetic lines of attraction enter Earth.

Question 27

What is magnetic declination?

Answer 27

the angle between magnetic north and true north.

Question 28

What is cartography?

Answer 28

the science or practice of drawing maps.

Question 29

Identify the three main categories of map projections

Answer 29

cylindrical, conic, and azimuthal

Question 30

What is topography?

Answer 30

a detailed description or representation on a map of the natural and artificial features of an area.

Question 31

How is elevation measured?

Answer 31

an altimeter and a digital elevation model. Elevations are usually measured in meters or feet

Question 32

Describe what is a geologic map

Answer 32

shows the distribution of materials at or near the Earth’s surface.

Question 33

What information is conveyed with a soil map?

Answer 33

provides essential information for land use planning, soil conservation, and agricultural management.