Unit 1 Flashcards
Identify the unique structures of plants
- Sessile
- Cell wall –) Cellulose
- Chlorophyll –) Synthetizing
4.Multicellular
Explain the alternation of generations in the life cycle of plants
Land plants = two multicellular stages : diploid;haploid
Diploid= produces spores by meioisis and is called a sporophyte
Haploid: produces gametes by mitosis and is called gametophyte
Gametophyte function?
Nourish and protect the forthcoming sporophyte generation.
Explain the transition from water to land in plants with the major adaptations required
Great Oxydation Event = Increase of O2 in the atmosphere : 1. Cools the atmospher and Solar radiation turns 02 to O3 (Protection)
2. This causes a Dramatic Radiation(Rapid evolution and Divergence)
3. Plants on land:
i: Movement to land –) Mosses
ii: Vascular tissues –) Ferns
iii: Seeds –) Gymno Sperms –) naked seeds
iv: Flowers –) Angiosperms –) protected seeds
What are bryophytes?
Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses
Colonizers and Pionneers helping to build soil on bare rocks and stabilizing the soil.
Bryophyte compose what percentage of biomass?
50%
Why bryophytes are adapted to land, what do they have more then their ancestral algae?
Cuticle and stomata
What is a cuticle?
Protection against stress that could create problems.
What is a stomata?
Opening that creates gas exchanges through the epidermis of a plant.
What is a rhyzoid?
Anchor to the bryophytes these are not real roots.
Roots are taking nutrients but rhyzoids are just grabbing the rock or the soil to solidify the stance of the bryophyte.
What is a chloroplasts?
The chloroplasts are in the family of plastids and are the main reason why the plants have the color green, Chlorophyll A and B are part of the pigment that absorbs the light of the plants and the plants is after able to transform this light into energy.
What is the cell wall? What is its composition?
The cell wall is composed of cellulose a beta glycigen part and creates a protection for the plant’s cell.
What is the importance of Lignin?
Lignin is a polymer that gives rigidity and supprt to the tissue of the uprgrowing plants such as tree. The lignin can also act as a protection against fungus and other, it is what gives the yellow like color to old page
Provide the order in which major structures appeared in the evolution of plants: stomata, cuticle, roots, seeds, flowers, pores, leaves, pollen,
1.Pores
2.Stomata
3.Cuticle
4.Roots
5. Leaves
6. Pollen
7. Seeds protected inside fruits
8. Flowers
Identify the characteristics of Animals?
- Monophyletic
- Eukaryotic
3.Multicellular - Fluid membrane in direct contact with each other
- Chemo-Heterotrophs
- Motile
Animals reproduce sexually or asexually?
They reproduce in both ways
What are the 3 key adaptations to life on land?
a. Eggs that can develop out of water
b. Lungs
c. Internal fertilization
What are the three steps of early development of animals and explain?
- Cleavage: Morula–) blastula –) Blastomeres –) Blastocoel
Make the link between the type of symetry and the number of germ layers?
As the blastula develops into the gastrula they start to differentiate into three layers. The first two are the ectoderm and the mesoderm. The ectoderm is the layer that results to the skin development and the development of skin. Mesoderm is for the muscles.
Endoderm is for the digestive development.
The main difference betwwen diploblastic and tripoblastic organization is??
Dipoblastic organisation don’t have muscle so gew.
Advantages of bilateral animals over radial animal?
Bilaterally symmetrical animals are far more mobile than radially symmetrical organisms, allowing for more complex interactions with their environment and other organisms
Protostomes vs deuterastomes (Cleavage)
P=Spiral
D=Radial
Protostomes vs Deuterastomes?
Blastospore differentitation:
P: Mouth
D: Anus
Give me an example of of an asexual reproduction of animal?
Fission, Budding, and fragmentation.
Examples:
Fission: The parents split
Budding: A new individual grow on the parent and after fall giving the birth to a new
Fragmentation: Separates in different pieces like head and tails and mid body and the three of them will generate a new animal.
