Unit 1 Flashcards
(130 cards)
Critical Thinking
Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions.
Rather, it examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns
hidden biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
Empiricism
The idea that knowledge comes from experience, and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge
Structuralism
An early school of thought promoted by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward
Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the mind
introspection
The process of looking inward in an attempt to directly observe one’s own psychological processes
functionalism
An early school of thought promoted by William James and influenced
by Charles Darwin; explored how mental and behavioural processes
function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and
flourish
behaviourism
The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2)
studies behaviour without reference to mental processes. Most
psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2)
Gestalt psychology
Argued against dividing human thought and behaviour into discrete
structures. Examined a person’s total experience since the way one
experiences the world is more than just an accumulation of various
perceptual experiences.
experimental psychology
The field of psychology that conducts experiments do study behaviour
and thinking
humanistic psychology
A historically significant perspective that emphasized human growth
potential
Socrates
Greek philosopher who believed that knowledge is innate
Aristotle
Greek philosopher who believed knowledge comes from experience
Francis Bacon
British researcher who emphasized observation and experimentation
René Descartes
French philosopher who believed the kind and body are separate
John Locke
A British political philosopher who believed the mind at birth is a
“tabula rasa”
Wilhelm Wundt
He established the first psychology lab in 1879 in Germany
Max Wertheimer
A proponent of Gestalt psychology
Stanley Hall
A student of Wundt Established the first formal psychology lab in the US in 1883 at Johns Hopkins University
Stanley Hall
A student of Wundt Established the first formal psychology lab in the US in 1883 at Johns Hopkins University
Edward Titchener
A student of Wundt Used introspection to search for the mind’s structural elements Introduced “structuralism”
William James
A legendary professor who wrote an important text on psychology in 1890. He was inspired by Charles Darwin and believed that thoughts and feelings were evolved functions. They were adaptive which helped our ancestors to survive. This made him a functionalist.
Mary Whiton Calkins
A student of William James at Harvard She became a famed memory researcher and the first female president of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1905.
Margaret FLoy Washburn Image:
She was the first woman to officially receive a Ph.D. in psychology. She became a famed researcher in animal behaviour and wrote the important book, “The Animal Mind”
Ivan Pavlov
A Russian physiologist who pioneered the study of learning with his classical conditioning experiments
John B. Watson
He rejected introspection and redefined psychology as the study of observable behaviour Behaviourism became one of the two most important forces in psychology well into the 1960s.