Unit 1 Flashcards
What is Psychology?
Psychology is deprived from physiology and philosophy
Structuralism
the idea that the mind was made up of the sum of its parts.
Functionalism
psychological philosophy that describes the mind as a functional tool that allows us to adapt to our environments.
Psychodynamic Approach
How behavior springs from
unconscious drives and conflicts
Behavioral Approach
How we learn observable
responses
Humanistic Approach
Free will, choice, ideal, actualization
Cognitive Approach
How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
Evolutionary Approach
Uses evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors
Biological Approach
believes behavior to be a consequence of our genetics and physiology
Sociocultural Approach
How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
Biopsychosocial Approach
considers the influences
of biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors
Natural Selection
Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success.
Mary Calkins
first female president of APA
Margaret Floy Washburn
first women to earn a PhD in American psychology
Charles Darwin
known for his contributions to Natural Selection & Evolution
Dorothea Dix
reformed mental institutions in U.S.
Stanley Hall
first president of APA 1st jornal
William James
father of American Psychology - functionalist
Wilhelm Wundt
father of Modern Psychology - structuralist
Basic Research
purpose is to increase scientific knowledge
Applied Research
purpose to help people
Psychologist
research or counseling
Psychiatrist
prescribe medications and diagnose
Advantage in Experiments
researcher controls variables to establish cause and effect
Disadvantage in Experiments
difficult to generalize
Independent Variable
the independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other variables in your study
Dependent Variable
the dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the independent variable
Experimental Group
the group that receives the variable being tested in an experiment
Control Group
the group in an experiment that does not receive the variable you are testing
Placebo Effect
show behaviors associated with the experimental group when having received placebo
Double-Blind
neither the patients nor the researchers/doctors know which study group the patients are in
Single-Blind
patients do not know which study group they are in (for example whether they are taking the experimental drug or a placebo)
Operational Definition
a term that is used to describe the procedure of a study and the research variables
Random Assignment
a procedure used in experiments to create multiple study groups that include participants with similar characteristics so that the groups are equivalent at the beginning of the study
Random Sample
method for choosing participants for your study
Representative Sample
Sample mimics the general population
Adv & Disadv of Correlation
Adv: able to identify relationship between two variables
Disadv: No cause and effect
Positive Correlation
variables increase and decrease together
Negative Correlation
as once variable increases the other decreases
Illusory Correlation
belief of correlation that doesn’t exist
Naturalistic Observation
a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control
the situation
Case Study
an in-depth investigation of a single individual, family, event, or other entity
(for example, to understand an individual’s background, relationships, and behavior)
